Determination of Selection Criteria and Salinity Tolerance Indices for Screening of Rice Genotypes
Asian Journal of Plant and Soil Sciences, Volume 8, Issue 1,
Page 39-58
Abstract
Genetic diversity is a valuable asset for crop improvement. In this study, a total of twenty rice genotypes were screened for salinity tolerance at the reproductive stage under artificial selection environments (Lysimeter conditions). Different morpho-agronomic, physiological parameters and tolerance indices were used to classify tolerant and sensitive genotypes. Our results showed high genetic variability in response of rice genotypes to salinity at non-saline and saline conditions. The environmental and genetic variances and heritability showed highly significant for all studied traits under non-saline and salinity conditions. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of the mean was observed for most studied traits under non-saline and salinity conditions. Hence, these genetic parameters can be used as direct selection criteria for rice improvement under salinity stress conditions. This study proved that the artificial salinization environment (Lyzimeter conditions) is reflect the normal saline field environment while geometric mean productivity, stress tolerance index and yield index are the tolerance indices that can be classified as better predictors of salinity tolerance considering the yield potentials of the genotypes. The genotypes A69-1, IR16T1009, SAL010 and MTU1010 can be used for breeding in the future through low Na+: K+ ratio while CSR28 and IR18T1007 for breeding salt-tolerant cultivars with higher yield potentials.
Keywords:
- Genetic parameters
- salinity tolerance indices
- multivariate analysis
- Oryza sativa
How to Cite
El-Refaee, Y. Z., Sakr, S. M., El-Mantawy, R. F., & El-Agoury, R. Y. (2023). Determination of Selection Criteria and Salinity Tolerance Indices for Screening of Rice Genotypes. Asian Journal of Plant and Soil Sciences, 8(1), 39–58. Retrieved from https://ikppress.org/index.php/AJOPSS/article/view/8213
References
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Available: http://www.fao.org/soils-portal/soilmanagement/management-of-some-problem-soils/saltaffected-soils/more-information-on-salt-affected-soils/en/ ([last accessed 16 September 2019]).
Singh RK, Gregorio GB, Ismail AM. Breeding rice varieties with tolerance to salt stress. J Indian Soc Coast Agric Res. 2008;26:16-21.
Mukta S, Hossain SM, Nasiruddin KM, Mofazzal MM. Screening of rice landraces of coastal areas for salt tolerance at seedling stage using molecular markers. Asian J Biotechnol. 2017;9(2):71-9.
Yichie Y, Brien C, Berger B, Roberts TH, Atwell BJ. Salinity tolerance in Australian wild Oryza species varies widely and matches that observed in O. sativa. Rice (N Y). 2018;11(1):66.
Munns R, James RA, Läuchli A. Approaches to increasing the salt tolerance of wheat and other cereals. J Exp Bot. 2006;57(5):1025-43.
Asch F, Dingkuhn M, Dörffling K, Miezan K. Leaf K/Na ratio predicts salinity induced yield loss in irrigated rice. Euphytica. 2000;113(2):109-18.
Uzair M, Ali M, Fiaz S, Attia K, Khan N, Al-Doss AA et al. The characterization of wheat genotypes for salinity tolerance using morpho-physiological indices under hydroponic conditions. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2022;29(6):103299.
Flowers TJ, Flowers SA. Why does salinity pose such a difficult problem for plant breeders? Agric Water Manag. 2005;78(1-2):15-24.
Deng P, Shi X, Zhou J, Wang F, Dong Y, Jing W et al. Identification and fine mapping of a mutation conferring salt‐sensitivity in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Crop Sci. 2015;55(1):219-28.
Bhowmik SK, Titov S, Islam MM, Siddika A, Sultana S, Haque MS. Phenotypic and genotypic screening of rice genotypes at seedling stage for salt tolerance. Afr J Biotechnol. 2009;8(23).
Pradheeban L, Nissanka NAASP, Suriyagoda LDB. Clustering of rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties cultivated in Jaffna District of Sri Lanka based on salt tolerance during germination and seedling stages. Trop Agric Res. 2014;25(3):358-75.
Mondal S, Borromeo TH. Screening of salinity tolerance of rice at early seedling stage. J Biosci Agric Res. 2016;10(1): 843-7.
Hariadi YC, Nurhayati AY, Soeparjono S, Arif I. Screening six varieties of rice (Oryza sativa) for salinity tolerance. Procedia Environ Sci. 2015;28:78-87.
Safitri H, Purwoko BS, Dewi IS, Ardie SW. Morphophysiological response of rice genotypes grown under saline conditions. J ISSAAS (Int Soc Southeast Asian Agric Sci). 2016;22(1):52-63.
Ali MN, Yeasmin L, Gantait S, Goswami R, Chakraborty S. Screening of rice landraces for salinity tolerance at seedling stage through morphological and molecular markers. Physiol Mol Biol Plants. 2014;20(4):411-23.
EL-Refaee YZ, Asfour MM, Draz AE. Identification of some Molecular and Biochemical Markers associated with salinity tolerance in Rice (Oryza sativa L.). Egypt. J Agric Res. 2010;88(1):243-68.
De Costa WAJM, Wijeratne MAD, De Costa DM, Zahra ARF. Determination of the appropriate level of salinity for screening of hydroponically grown rice for salt tolerance. J Natl Sci Found Sri Lanka. 2012;40(2).
Munns R, Tester M. Mechanisms of salinity tolerance. Annu Rev Plant Biol. 2008;59:651-81.
Fritsche-Neto R, DoVale JC. Breeding for stress-tolerance or resource-use efficiency? Plant Breed Abiotic Stress Tolerance. 2012:13-9.
Acquaah G. Principles of plant genetics and breeding. John Wiley & Sons; 2009.
Dutta P, Nath Dutta PN, Borua PK. Morphological traits as selection indices in rice: A statistical view. Univers J Agric Res. 2013;1(3):85-96.
Singh SK, Singh CM, Lal GM. Assessment of genetic variability for yield and its component characters in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Res Plant Biol. 2011;1(4).
Tuba Bıçer BT, Şakar D. Heritability and gene effects for yield and yield components in chickpea. Hereditas. 2008; 145(5):220-4.
Shukla S, Bhargava A, Chatterjee A, Singh SP. Estimates of genetic parameters to determine variability for foliage yield and its different quantitative and qualitative traits in vegetable amaranth (A. tricolor) [India]. J Genet Breed (Italy). 2004.
Clarke JM, Townley‐Smith F, McCaig TN, Green DG. Growth analysis of spring wheat cultivars of varying drought resistance 1. Crop Sci. 1984;24(3):537-41.
Singh SP, Kumar A, Satyendra KM, Nahakpam S, Sinha S, Smrity SP et al. Identification of drought tolerant rice (Oryza sativa l.) genotypes using drought tolerance indices under normal and water stress condition. Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci Special Issue. 2018;7:4757-66.
Singh AK, Mall AK, Singh AK, Singh PK, Singh AK. Genetic variability and physiological, biochemical, agro-morphological response to drought resistance in upland rice (Oryza sativa L.). SABRAO J Breed Genet. 2015;47(3):268-77.
Johnson RA, Wichern DW. Applied multivariate statistical analysis. 6th ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall International; 2007.
Moran R. Formulae for determination of chlorophyll pigments with N,N-Dimethylformamid. Plant Physiol. 1982;69 (6):1376-81.
Yoshida S, Forno DA, Cock JH, Gomes KA. Laboratory manual for physiological studies of rice. Los Banos, Philippines: IRRI; 1976.
Fischer RA, Maurer R. Drought resistance in spring wheat cultivars. I. Grain yield responses. Aust J Agric Res. 1978;29 (5):897-912.
Rosielle AA, Hamblin J. Theoretical aspects of selection for yield in stress and non‐stress environment 1. Crop Sci. 1981; 21(6):943-6.
Fernandez GC. Effective selection criteria for assessing plant stress tolerance. In: Proceeding of the International Symposium on Adaptation of Vegetables and other Food Crops in Temperature and Water Stress, Aug 13-16, Shanhua, Taiwan. 1993;257-70.
Gavuzzi P, Rizza F, Palumbo M, Campanile RG, Ricciardi GL, Borghi B. Evaluation of field and laboratory predictors of drought and heat tolerance in winter cereals. Can J Plant Sci. 1997;77 (4):523-31.
Bouslama M, Schapaugh Jr WT. Stress tolerance in soybeans. I. Evaluation of three screening techniques for heat and drought tolerance 1. Crop Sci. 1984;24(5): 933-7.
Searle SR, Casella G, McCulloch CE. Variance components. John Wiley & Sons; 2009.
Robinson HF, Comstock RE, Harvey PH. Estimates of heritability and the degree of dominance in corn 1. Agron J. 1949;41(8):353-9.
Burton GW. Quantitative inheritance in grasses. Proceedings of the 6th grassland congress. Pennsylvania State College.1952;1:277-83.
Lothrop JE, Atkins RE, Smith OS. Variability for yield and yield components in IAP1R grain sorghum random ‐mating population. I. Means, variance components, and heritabilities 1. Crop Sci. 1985;25(2):235-40.
Sharifi P, Aminpanah H, Erfani R, Mohaddesi A, Abbasian A. Evaluation of genotype× environment interaction in rice based on AMMI model in Iran. Rice Sci. 2017;24(3):173-80.
Jaruchai W, Monkham T, Chankaew S, Suriharn B, Sanitchon J. Evaluation of stability and yield potential of upland rice genotypes in North and Northeast Thailand. J Integr Agric. 2018;17(1):28-36.
Kole PC, Hasib KM. Correlation and regression analysis in scented rice. Madras Agric J. 2008;95(1/6):178-82.
Viña CDC, CBD, Gregorio GB, Singh RK. Palaeo. ORYZA An Int J Rice. 2013. A new phenotyping technique for salinity tolerance at the reproductive stage in rice;50(3):199-207.
Rubel MH, Hassan L, Islam MM, Robin AHK, Alam MJ. Evaluation of rice genotypes under salt stress at the seedling and reproductive stages using phenotypic and molecular Fischer RA, Maurer R. (1978). Drought resistance in spring wheat cultivars. I. Grain yield responses. Aust J Agric Res. 2014;29(5):897-912.
Aslam M, Qureshi RH, Ahmed N. A rapid screening technique for salt tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Plant Soil. 1993;150(1):99-107.
Chutipaijit S, Cha-um S, Sompornpailin K. High contents of proline and anthocyanin increase protective response to salinity in ’Oryza sativa’ L. Spp.’indica’. Aust J Crop Sci. 2011;5(10):1191-8.
Radi AA, Farghaly FA, Hamada AM. Physiological and biochemical responses of salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive wheat and bean cultivars to salinity. J Biol Earth Sci. 2013;3(1):72-88.
Sharma A, Kumar V, Shahzad B, Ramakrishnan M, Singh Sidhu GP, Bali AS et al. Photosynthetic response of plants under different abiotic stresses: A review. J Plant Growth Regul. 2020;39(2):509-31.
Hasegawa PM. Sodium (Na+) homeostasis and salt tolerance of plants. Environ Exp Bot. 2013;92:19-31.
Abdullah ZKMA, Khan MA, Flowers TJ. Causes of sterility in seed set of rice under salinity stress. J Agron Crop Sci. 2001;187(1):25-32.
Garcia A, Rizzo CA. Ud‐din J, Bartos S, Senadhira D, Flowers TJ, Yeo AR. Plant cell environ. Sodium and potassium transport to the xylem are inherited independently in rice, and the mechanism of sodium: Potassium selectivity differs between rice and wheat. 1997;20(9): 1167-74.
Joseph B, Jini D, Sujatha S. Biological and physiological perspectives of specificity in abiotic salt stress response from various rice plants. Asian J Agric Sci. 2010; 2(3):99-105.
El-Hashash EF, El-Agoury RYA, El-Absy KM, Sakr SMI. Genetic parameters, multivariate analysis and tolerance indices of rice genotypes under normal and drought stress environments. Asian J Res Crop Sci. 2018;1(3):1-18.
Joshi M, Ram M, Singh A, Singh PK. Assessment of genetic parameters foryield and yield components in rice. BIOINFOLET A Q J Life Sci. 2015;12(3a):665-71.
Kumar V, Singh D, Singh R. Assessment of genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for yield and quality traits in basmati (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes of Himachal Pradesh. J Pharmacogn Phytochem. 2018;7(2):1323-6.
Mamata K, Rajanna MP, Savita SK. Assessment of genetic parameters for yield and its related traits in F2 populations involving traditional varieties of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci. 2018;7(1):2210-7.
Dutta P, Borua PK. Genetic parameters of drought related traits in rice. International J. of Engineering Sci. Invention. 2017; 6(9):32-7.
Sangaré JR, Konaté AK, Cissé F, Sanni A. Assessment of genetic parameters for yield and yield related-traits in an intraspecific rice (Oryza sativa L.) population. J Plant Breed Genet. 2017; 5(2):45-56.
Khan IM, Dhurve OP. Drought response indices for identification of drought tolerant genotypes in rainfed upland rice (Oryza sativa L.). Int J Sci Environ Technol. 2016;5(1):73-83.
Garg HS, Bhattacharya C. Drought tolerance indices for screening some of rice genotypes. IJABR. 2017;7(4):671-4.
Ul-Qamar Z, Akhtar J, Ashraf M, Akram M, Hameed A. A multivariate analysis of rice genetic resources. Pak J Bot. 2012;44(4): 1335-40.
Kumar N, Singh PK, Vaishampayan A, Saini R, Ram M, Singh A et al. Genetic divergence analysis in rice under irrigated conditions. Indian J Plant Genet Resour. 2014;27(3):246-50.
Iqbal T, Hussain I, Ahmad N, Nauman M, Ali M, Saeed S et al. Genetic variability, correlation and cluster analysis in elite lines of rice. J Sci Agric. 2018;2: 85-91.
Mohammadi R, Armion M, Sadeghzadeh D, Amri A, Nachit M. Analysis of genotype-by-environment interaction for agronomic traits of durum wheat in Iran. Plant Production Science. 2011;14(1):15-21.
Available: http://www.fao.org/soils-portal/soilmanagement/management-of-some-problem-soils/saltaffected-soils/more-information-on-salt-affected-soils/en/ ([last accessed 16 September 2019]).
Singh RK, Gregorio GB, Ismail AM. Breeding rice varieties with tolerance to salt stress. J Indian Soc Coast Agric Res. 2008;26:16-21.
Mukta S, Hossain SM, Nasiruddin KM, Mofazzal MM. Screening of rice landraces of coastal areas for salt tolerance at seedling stage using molecular markers. Asian J Biotechnol. 2017;9(2):71-9.
Yichie Y, Brien C, Berger B, Roberts TH, Atwell BJ. Salinity tolerance in Australian wild Oryza species varies widely and matches that observed in O. sativa. Rice (N Y). 2018;11(1):66.
Munns R, James RA, Läuchli A. Approaches to increasing the salt tolerance of wheat and other cereals. J Exp Bot. 2006;57(5):1025-43.
Asch F, Dingkuhn M, Dörffling K, Miezan K. Leaf K/Na ratio predicts salinity induced yield loss in irrigated rice. Euphytica. 2000;113(2):109-18.
Uzair M, Ali M, Fiaz S, Attia K, Khan N, Al-Doss AA et al. The characterization of wheat genotypes for salinity tolerance using morpho-physiological indices under hydroponic conditions. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2022;29(6):103299.
Flowers TJ, Flowers SA. Why does salinity pose such a difficult problem for plant breeders? Agric Water Manag. 2005;78(1-2):15-24.
Deng P, Shi X, Zhou J, Wang F, Dong Y, Jing W et al. Identification and fine mapping of a mutation conferring salt‐sensitivity in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Crop Sci. 2015;55(1):219-28.
Bhowmik SK, Titov S, Islam MM, Siddika A, Sultana S, Haque MS. Phenotypic and genotypic screening of rice genotypes at seedling stage for salt tolerance. Afr J Biotechnol. 2009;8(23).
Pradheeban L, Nissanka NAASP, Suriyagoda LDB. Clustering of rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties cultivated in Jaffna District of Sri Lanka based on salt tolerance during germination and seedling stages. Trop Agric Res. 2014;25(3):358-75.
Mondal S, Borromeo TH. Screening of salinity tolerance of rice at early seedling stage. J Biosci Agric Res. 2016;10(1): 843-7.
Hariadi YC, Nurhayati AY, Soeparjono S, Arif I. Screening six varieties of rice (Oryza sativa) for salinity tolerance. Procedia Environ Sci. 2015;28:78-87.
Safitri H, Purwoko BS, Dewi IS, Ardie SW. Morphophysiological response of rice genotypes grown under saline conditions. J ISSAAS (Int Soc Southeast Asian Agric Sci). 2016;22(1):52-63.
Ali MN, Yeasmin L, Gantait S, Goswami R, Chakraborty S. Screening of rice landraces for salinity tolerance at seedling stage through morphological and molecular markers. Physiol Mol Biol Plants. 2014;20(4):411-23.
EL-Refaee YZ, Asfour MM, Draz AE. Identification of some Molecular and Biochemical Markers associated with salinity tolerance in Rice (Oryza sativa L.). Egypt. J Agric Res. 2010;88(1):243-68.
De Costa WAJM, Wijeratne MAD, De Costa DM, Zahra ARF. Determination of the appropriate level of salinity for screening of hydroponically grown rice for salt tolerance. J Natl Sci Found Sri Lanka. 2012;40(2).
Munns R, Tester M. Mechanisms of salinity tolerance. Annu Rev Plant Biol. 2008;59:651-81.
Fritsche-Neto R, DoVale JC. Breeding for stress-tolerance or resource-use efficiency? Plant Breed Abiotic Stress Tolerance. 2012:13-9.
Acquaah G. Principles of plant genetics and breeding. John Wiley & Sons; 2009.
Dutta P, Nath Dutta PN, Borua PK. Morphological traits as selection indices in rice: A statistical view. Univers J Agric Res. 2013;1(3):85-96.
Singh SK, Singh CM, Lal GM. Assessment of genetic variability for yield and its component characters in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Res Plant Biol. 2011;1(4).
Tuba Bıçer BT, Şakar D. Heritability and gene effects for yield and yield components in chickpea. Hereditas. 2008; 145(5):220-4.
Shukla S, Bhargava A, Chatterjee A, Singh SP. Estimates of genetic parameters to determine variability for foliage yield and its different quantitative and qualitative traits in vegetable amaranth (A. tricolor) [India]. J Genet Breed (Italy). 2004.
Clarke JM, Townley‐Smith F, McCaig TN, Green DG. Growth analysis of spring wheat cultivars of varying drought resistance 1. Crop Sci. 1984;24(3):537-41.
Singh SP, Kumar A, Satyendra KM, Nahakpam S, Sinha S, Smrity SP et al. Identification of drought tolerant rice (Oryza sativa l.) genotypes using drought tolerance indices under normal and water stress condition. Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci Special Issue. 2018;7:4757-66.
Singh AK, Mall AK, Singh AK, Singh PK, Singh AK. Genetic variability and physiological, biochemical, agro-morphological response to drought resistance in upland rice (Oryza sativa L.). SABRAO J Breed Genet. 2015;47(3):268-77.
Johnson RA, Wichern DW. Applied multivariate statistical analysis. 6th ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall International; 2007.
Moran R. Formulae for determination of chlorophyll pigments with N,N-Dimethylformamid. Plant Physiol. 1982;69 (6):1376-81.
Yoshida S, Forno DA, Cock JH, Gomes KA. Laboratory manual for physiological studies of rice. Los Banos, Philippines: IRRI; 1976.
Fischer RA, Maurer R. Drought resistance in spring wheat cultivars. I. Grain yield responses. Aust J Agric Res. 1978;29 (5):897-912.
Rosielle AA, Hamblin J. Theoretical aspects of selection for yield in stress and non‐stress environment 1. Crop Sci. 1981; 21(6):943-6.
Fernandez GC. Effective selection criteria for assessing plant stress tolerance. In: Proceeding of the International Symposium on Adaptation of Vegetables and other Food Crops in Temperature and Water Stress, Aug 13-16, Shanhua, Taiwan. 1993;257-70.
Gavuzzi P, Rizza F, Palumbo M, Campanile RG, Ricciardi GL, Borghi B. Evaluation of field and laboratory predictors of drought and heat tolerance in winter cereals. Can J Plant Sci. 1997;77 (4):523-31.
Bouslama M, Schapaugh Jr WT. Stress tolerance in soybeans. I. Evaluation of three screening techniques for heat and drought tolerance 1. Crop Sci. 1984;24(5): 933-7.
Searle SR, Casella G, McCulloch CE. Variance components. John Wiley & Sons; 2009.
Robinson HF, Comstock RE, Harvey PH. Estimates of heritability and the degree of dominance in corn 1. Agron J. 1949;41(8):353-9.
Burton GW. Quantitative inheritance in grasses. Proceedings of the 6th grassland congress. Pennsylvania State College.1952;1:277-83.
Lothrop JE, Atkins RE, Smith OS. Variability for yield and yield components in IAP1R grain sorghum random ‐mating population. I. Means, variance components, and heritabilities 1. Crop Sci. 1985;25(2):235-40.
Sharifi P, Aminpanah H, Erfani R, Mohaddesi A, Abbasian A. Evaluation of genotype× environment interaction in rice based on AMMI model in Iran. Rice Sci. 2017;24(3):173-80.
Jaruchai W, Monkham T, Chankaew S, Suriharn B, Sanitchon J. Evaluation of stability and yield potential of upland rice genotypes in North and Northeast Thailand. J Integr Agric. 2018;17(1):28-36.
Kole PC, Hasib KM. Correlation and regression analysis in scented rice. Madras Agric J. 2008;95(1/6):178-82.
Viña CDC, CBD, Gregorio GB, Singh RK. Palaeo. ORYZA An Int J Rice. 2013. A new phenotyping technique for salinity tolerance at the reproductive stage in rice;50(3):199-207.
Rubel MH, Hassan L, Islam MM, Robin AHK, Alam MJ. Evaluation of rice genotypes under salt stress at the seedling and reproductive stages using phenotypic and molecular Fischer RA, Maurer R. (1978). Drought resistance in spring wheat cultivars. I. Grain yield responses. Aust J Agric Res. 2014;29(5):897-912.
Aslam M, Qureshi RH, Ahmed N. A rapid screening technique for salt tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Plant Soil. 1993;150(1):99-107.
Chutipaijit S, Cha-um S, Sompornpailin K. High contents of proline and anthocyanin increase protective response to salinity in ’Oryza sativa’ L. Spp.’indica’. Aust J Crop Sci. 2011;5(10):1191-8.
Radi AA, Farghaly FA, Hamada AM. Physiological and biochemical responses of salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive wheat and bean cultivars to salinity. J Biol Earth Sci. 2013;3(1):72-88.
Sharma A, Kumar V, Shahzad B, Ramakrishnan M, Singh Sidhu GP, Bali AS et al. Photosynthetic response of plants under different abiotic stresses: A review. J Plant Growth Regul. 2020;39(2):509-31.
Hasegawa PM. Sodium (Na+) homeostasis and salt tolerance of plants. Environ Exp Bot. 2013;92:19-31.
Abdullah ZKMA, Khan MA, Flowers TJ. Causes of sterility in seed set of rice under salinity stress. J Agron Crop Sci. 2001;187(1):25-32.
Garcia A, Rizzo CA. Ud‐din J, Bartos S, Senadhira D, Flowers TJ, Yeo AR. Plant cell environ. Sodium and potassium transport to the xylem are inherited independently in rice, and the mechanism of sodium: Potassium selectivity differs between rice and wheat. 1997;20(9): 1167-74.
Joseph B, Jini D, Sujatha S. Biological and physiological perspectives of specificity in abiotic salt stress response from various rice plants. Asian J Agric Sci. 2010; 2(3):99-105.
El-Hashash EF, El-Agoury RYA, El-Absy KM, Sakr SMI. Genetic parameters, multivariate analysis and tolerance indices of rice genotypes under normal and drought stress environments. Asian J Res Crop Sci. 2018;1(3):1-18.
Joshi M, Ram M, Singh A, Singh PK. Assessment of genetic parameters foryield and yield components in rice. BIOINFOLET A Q J Life Sci. 2015;12(3a):665-71.
Kumar V, Singh D, Singh R. Assessment of genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for yield and quality traits in basmati (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes of Himachal Pradesh. J Pharmacogn Phytochem. 2018;7(2):1323-6.
Mamata K, Rajanna MP, Savita SK. Assessment of genetic parameters for yield and its related traits in F2 populations involving traditional varieties of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci. 2018;7(1):2210-7.
Dutta P, Borua PK. Genetic parameters of drought related traits in rice. International J. of Engineering Sci. Invention. 2017; 6(9):32-7.
Sangaré JR, Konaté AK, Cissé F, Sanni A. Assessment of genetic parameters for yield and yield related-traits in an intraspecific rice (Oryza sativa L.) population. J Plant Breed Genet. 2017; 5(2):45-56.
Khan IM, Dhurve OP. Drought response indices for identification of drought tolerant genotypes in rainfed upland rice (Oryza sativa L.). Int J Sci Environ Technol. 2016;5(1):73-83.
Garg HS, Bhattacharya C. Drought tolerance indices for screening some of rice genotypes. IJABR. 2017;7(4):671-4.
Ul-Qamar Z, Akhtar J, Ashraf M, Akram M, Hameed A. A multivariate analysis of rice genetic resources. Pak J Bot. 2012;44(4): 1335-40.
Kumar N, Singh PK, Vaishampayan A, Saini R, Ram M, Singh A et al. Genetic divergence analysis in rice under irrigated conditions. Indian J Plant Genet Resour. 2014;27(3):246-50.
Iqbal T, Hussain I, Ahmad N, Nauman M, Ali M, Saeed S et al. Genetic variability, correlation and cluster analysis in elite lines of rice. J Sci Agric. 2018;2: 85-91.
Mohammadi R, Armion M, Sadeghzadeh D, Amri A, Nachit M. Analysis of genotype-by-environment interaction for agronomic traits of durum wheat in Iran. Plant Production Science. 2011;14(1):15-21.
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