Journal of Applied Physical Science International

Acyl hydarazones and other hydrazones derivatives are of immense biological importance as a result of their antibacterial, antifungal, antiinflammatory properties and coordination Chemistry. The ligand was prepared by refluxing nicotinic acid hydrazide and 3-bromobenzaldehyde in ethanol, the complexes were synthezed by mixing ethanolic solutions of the metal salts with the hydrazone. The ligand and complexes were characterized on the basis of uv-visible, FTIR, melting point, conductivity, magnetic susceptibility, metal analysis and mole ratio, antimicrobial activities were determined. The ligand and complexes formed are high melting point crystalline solids. Thermodynamic stability study showed that the complexes are stable with stability constants between 2.84 x 10⁵ – 2.21 x 10⁷ while the solution studies gave 1:2 metal to ligand ratio. Infrared spectra data are diagnostic of bidentate coordination of the ligand via carbonyl oxygen and azomethine nitrogen atoms as result of the negative shift in the (C=O) and (C=N) bands. Effective magnetic moment of the complexes is 5.62 B.M, 4.02 B.M. and 1.81 B.M. for Manganese, Cobalt and Copper complexes respectively, the nickel complex is diamagnetic. Electronic spectra of the ligand indicate n * transitions, transition in the manganese complex is spin and orbital forbidden with very low molar absorptivity, nickel complex gave two bands assigned to ³A_2g(F)  ³T_1g(F) and ³A_2g(F)  ³T_1g(P) transition, cobalt complex gave one electronic band assigned to ⁴T_1g(F)  ⁴A_2g transition. Copper complex gave one band, assigned to ²E_g    ²T_2g transition. On the basis of magnetic and electronic spectral of the isolated complexes octahedral geometry has been proposed for the Mn(II), Co(II) and Cu(II) complexes and square planar for the Ni(II) complex. The activities of the complexes against most of the microorganisms were enhanced compared to those of their parent ligand, with some promising potential when compared to the control drugs.

Here, we propose a device that can strongly reduce the Gravitational Mass of a body. Basically, it contains a thin layer of Photon Gas, between the plates of a capacitor, produced by lasers conveniently positioned. By controlling the value of the gravitational mass of the Photon gas, by means of the electric field produced by the capacitor, it is possible to control the Gravitational Mass of a body, when it is placed upon the photon gas. From the technical point of view this device can be used to strongly reduce the gravitational masses of aircrafts or spacecrafts.

Nirmala index is one of the recently discovered topological index. It is originally a vertex based topological invariant and is defined as the sum of \(\sqrt{d(r)+d(s)}\)  terms on all  edges of the graph, where  \(d(r)\) is the degree of the vertex \(r\) in \(G\) . In this paper we put forward a new energy called as the nirmala minimum dominating energy of a graph \(N E_{D}(G)\) . Also, we compute  \(N E_{D}(G)\) for cocktail party graph, star graph, complete bipartite graph and complete graph. The estimation of upper and lower bounds for \(N E_{D}(G)\) are found.

The distributions of radiation pressure and the total pressure of the universe were investigated in the general cosmic models in three time intervals. In the cosmic epoch t \(\le\) t_rm , logarithm of both radiation pressure and the total pressure descend gradually linearly with log (t). However, in the epoch t = t_{dec -} t_v , log(P_r(t)) decreases steeply up to t=6.2104 Myr, then it declines gradually until t=205.9406 Myr, hence it reduces slowly, whereas log(P(t)) decreases fast up to t=5.9406 Myr, afterwards it descends gradually until t = 112.8713 Myr, where it starts declining slowly. Nevertheless, in the time range t=t_v - 50 Gyr , log(P(t)) reduces fast up to t=1.4458 Gyr, then it descends in relatively less rate, while P(t) falls sharply until t=0.7229 Gyr, hence it declines rapidly up to t_app = 1.9277 Gyr, where P(t) approaches the dark energy pressure P_\(\Lambda\) . As P(t) decreases with cosmic time the horizon expansion speed of the universe d_h (t) descends continuously, while the negative values of the horizon expansion acceleration of the universe d_h (t) increase. On the other hand, the horizon volume speed of the universe expansion V_h (t) ascends with decreasing P(t) , whereas the horizon volume acceleration of the universe expansion V_h (t) descends. Slightly after t = t_app ,  V_h (t) increases to its maximum value at t=t_max, then it starts falling steeply with d_h (t) towards zero. However, at  t=t_max d_h (t) surges prominently towards zero, whereas V_h (t) fluctuates about this value. The drastic changes in d_h (t) , d_h (t) , V_h (t) and V_h (t) following the outstanding decrease in P(t) at t=t_app exhibits strong dependence of the cosmic dynamics on the total pressure of the universe.

In this paper, we analyzed air-borne pollutants like PM2.5, PM10, NO₂, SO₂, CO and Ozone obtained from twelve air-quality monitoring stations operated by various central and state-pollution control agencies in different parts of India during second wave (March to May’ 2021) of Covid-19 pandemic.  Our results show positive correlations between Covid-19 cases and PM2.5/10 over Delhi (+0.049) and Lucknow (+0.097) of Northern India. Lowest PM2.5 concentrations was observed over Chennai (~19), which was due to lockdown restrictions imposed by Tamilnadu state government. Pearson coefficients of PM2.5, PM10 and NO₂ were observed to be negative for all the three chosen major cities of Southern India, and thereby, indicating that corona pandemic was not affected by air-borne particulates over Southern India. The average PM10 density of Eastern India was estimated to be maximum at Varanasi (~161) and lowest at Kolkatta (~85), however Pearson coefficient, P was fond to be negative for Kolkatta (-0.72). Further, over Western India, pearson coefficients of PM2.5, PM10, NO₂, SO₂ and CO were estimated to be negative for all the three chosen major cities. Ozone was found to have its positive trends at Ahmedabad (+0.32) and negative trends for both Jaipur (-0.044) and Mumbai (-0.017). Student t-test was also applied to test the significance between two independent data sets.