The paper intends to investigate the effect of the real effective exchange rate depreciation of the lek on the trade balance of Albania using quarterly data from 1994 to 2015. Bounds testing co-integration approach, vector error correction model (VECM) and impulse response were used for empirical analysis. The results of the study show that there exists a long-term cointegration between REER and TB. Specifically, REER depreciation positively affects the trade balance of Albania in both the long-term and short-run indicating the weak presence of the J-curve effect. Important recommendations were derived from the results.
The influence of environmental factors on entrepreneurship has been recognized as important in the entrepreneurship literature. This study aimed at identifying the environmental factors that affects entrepreneurship development as well as the overall effect of environmental factors on entrepreneurship development. Primary data was adopted to generate data from 87 managers and owners of business enterprise in Ago Iwoye. The data generated were analyzed using correlation and regression analysis. Findings revealed that environmental factors have an overall significant effect on entrepreneurship development in Nigeria. It was also discovered by the findings that all the environmental factors dimensions have a significant relationship with entrepreneurship development in Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria. Thus it is recommended that communities should identify aspect of their culture which hinder entrepreneurship development and make necessary adjustment. Finally, the issue of infrastructural facilities should not be seen as the sole responsibility of the government.
This study is focused on the exchange rate behavior patterns in Sri Lanka through the exchange rate volatility. Exchange rate volatility refers to the tendency for foreign currencies to appreciate or depreciate in value, thus affecting the profitability of foreign exchange trades. Usually the returns of exchange rates can be represented by a factor model. There are six daily exchange rate values Euro, Great Britain Pound, Japanese Yen, US Dollar, Indian Rupee, Pakistan Rupee against the Sri Lankan Rupee that are used during the time period of October, 2013 to November, 2015. The factor model is estimated using Principal Component Analysis. Euro, Great Britain Pound, Japanese Yen are defined by factor one, Pakistan Rupee, Indian Rupee are defined by factor two and US Dollar is defined by factor three. Therefore the six variables can be reduced into three factors and they represented 78% of total variance.
The pattern of growth of International Trade and Bilateral Trade among West African Countires has again brought to light the need for a common currency aimed at financial integration of the ECOWAS community. In this light, this study adopts the explanatory survey design and uses the questionnaire as a primary research instrument to solicit responses from experts in monetary policy, foreign exchange and international business with a view to examine and analyze the potential impact of the proposed ECO currency on Bilateral trade among the ECOWAS members. Data was analysed using the simple linear regression to determine the relationship between the dependent (bilateral trade) and the independent variable (monetary union). Findings from the study indicate there is a positive linear relationship between bilateral trade and monetary union; consistent with Akinyede (2014). The relationship is moderate and significant at 5% level of significance (p-value =.001 < alpha value =.05). Therefore, we conclude that the development of monetary union has significant impact on bilateral trade in ECOWAS.
In today’s business world Human Resource is not treated merely as a resource, but it is considered as the most valuable asset in any organization. Employee wellbeing and their level of satisfaction have a great impact on employee performance and organizational success. Any employee whether working individually or in a team, if satisfied will work effectively in achieving the desired organizational objectives and deliver better service to the customer as well. The area of research is service sector and conservation of customer is very important for service industry. The study investigates whether employee job satisfaction has any relational impact on team effectiveness, as effective teams deliver desirable results and plays a crucial role in delivering quality service. Different statistical tools such as Cronbach’s Alpha, Coefficient of Correlation, t Test, ANOVA, have been applied to test the hypothesis. This paper intends to reveal some crucial information on whether demographic characteristics of employees influence satisfaction and team effectiveness. The study divulges that having a job satisfaction among employees can improve the power and performance of a team, as it is an important element for the growth of any organization.
