Journal of Case Reports in Medical Science

Predatory Journals in Scientific Research: A Great Challenge

Nnodim Johnkennedy, Nwaokoro Joakin Chidozie — Tue, 10 Jan 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Predatory journals are publications that promote themselves as authentic scholarly journals but falsify their publishing procedures. Predatory journals or periodicals that falsely represent their publishing works while presenting themselves as legitimate scholarly journals. They are referred to as fake, dishonest or bogus journals. Many copyright or publication ethics violations, such like making false claims that review process is given, keeping secrets about article processing charges (APC's), misrepresenting editorial board members and others, all examples of parasitic techniques. Since they are growing more widespread around the world, predatory journals are examined in this review to help authors identify and steer well clear of them.

Methods to Spot Predatory Journals: A View Point

Johnkennedy Nnodim, Kingsley Excel Dunga, Uzah Glad — Mon, 20 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Predatory journals are publications that promote themselves as authentic scholarly journals but falsify their publishing procedures. They are sometimes referred to as fraudulent, deceitful, or pseudo-journals. Predatory publishing tactics include various violations of copyright or scholarly ethics, including false claims that peer review is provided, concealing information regarding Article Processing Charges (APCs), misrepresenting editorial board members, and more. The purpose of this review article is to help authors recognize and stay away from predatory journals because they are becoming more common.

A Case Report of Bilateral Ptosis as a Presentation in Diabetes Mellitus with Involvment in Corona Radiata

A. S. K. Manoj, N. K. Gupta — Tue, 14 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Corona radiata is a highly cellular layer with an intracellular matrix consisting of proteins and a high concentration of carbohydrates, in particular. Infarcts can occur near the lateral angle of the lateral ventricle; this site is vulnerable because it is at the junction of the lateral lenticulo-striate artery, which perforates the long medullary penetrating arteries of the superior MCA. The syndrome may variously consist of pure hemiplegia and sensory loss in the face and arm. We report an adult male case presenting with isolated bilateral ptosis as a presentation of diabetes mellitus involving corona radiata.

A Case Study of Infantile Nystagmus Syndrome (Congenital)

Vishal Ghosh, N. K. Gupta, A. S. K. Manoj — Thu, 06 Apr 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Infantile nystagmus (IN), formerly known as congenital nystagmus, is an involuntary to-and-fro movement of the eyes that persists throughout life. IN is one of three types of early-onset nystagmus that first appear in infancy, alongside fusion maldevelopment nystagmus syndrome and spasmus nutans syndrome. Patients with acquired nystagmus may also be seen by optometrists. The features of IN overlap largely with those of fusion maldevelopment nystagmus syndrome, spasmus nutans syndrome, and acquired nystagmus, yet the management for each subtype is different. We report a case of bilateral congenital sensory nystagmus with bilateral megalocornea with left-sided relative afferent pupil defect with left eye global enlargement in ap axis with reduced caliber in left optic artery with pseudo polycorea with reduced visual acuity in the bilateral eye with buphthalmos with haab striae.

Placental Mesenchymal Dysplasia Co-existing with High Grade Villitis of Unknown Aetiology (VUE): A Very Rare Case Report and Literature Review

Ejiro Aramabi, Junaid Rafi, Nishigandh Deole — Wed, 19 Apr 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The present case study reports about Placental mesenchymal dysplasia co-existing with high grade villitis of unknown aetiology (VUE). Placental Mesenchymal Dysplasia (PMD) is a rare placental lesion characterized by unusual abnormality of the stem villi of the placenta that could be mistaken for hydatidiform mole due to the presence of both cysts and normal-appearing parenchyma. A 30-year-old G2 P1 (full-term normal delivery) seen in fetal medicine clinic at 20 weeks within view of high risk on combined screening (low PAPP-A and high HCG). An ultrasound scan showed an appropriately grown baby with an abnormal placenta consisting of multiple lacunae more than 50% of the placental mass with increased thickness. A second opinion at tertiary care hospital confirmed the presence of prominent lakes on the placenta. Growth scans also showed IUGR with increasingly abnormal Doppler scans as the pregnancy progressed. At 35 weeks, EFW was < 3rd centile with static growth and patient had Induction of labour at 35 +4 weeks with vaginal delivery of a live male neonate weighing 2325g admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission due to prematurity. The baby was discharged from NICU at day 5, achieving developmental milestones at the age of 23 weeks post-delivery. On microscopic histological examination, the chorionic plate showed no significant abnormality. The villous architecture was highly abnormal, and some villi were markedly enlarged with myxoid stroma and central degeneration. There were very occasional foci of apparent trophoblastic proliferation with villous architecture abnormalities seen in the form of clusters of large, immature intermediate villi. These features were in keeping with mesenchymal dysplasia. A highly unusual finding in this context was a florid infiltrate of CD3 positive T cells consistent with high-grade villitis of unknown aetiology concluding very rare co-existence of both conditions.

A Case Study of Tricuspid Endocarditis in Post-Partum Female

Shyam Patel , R. K. Samar — Fri, 28 Apr 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Tricuspid valve endocarditis is uncommon thing compared to left-sided endocarditis which accounts for approximately 5-10 % of all cases of infective endocarditis. Tricuspid valve endocarditis is most commonly seen in patients who are addicted to intravenous drugs. Patients may present with symptoms like right- sided heart failure. Tricuspid endocarditis during pregnancy or peri-partum period is a rare entity with significant morbidity and mortality. Rheumatic heart disease was considered a significant risk factor previously which has changed over to intravenous drug abuse in recent decades. We hereby report a case of tricuspid native valve endocarditis complicating the post-partum period in a young female without underlying traditional risk factors, who improved with medical therapy alone.

Clinical Observations of Hearing, Speech, Language and Swallowing Abilities in Locked-in Syndrome: A Case-based Study

H. S. Harshan Kumar , D. Darshan — Fri, 05 May 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Locked-in Syndrome (LIS) is a rare neurological condition characterized by quadriplegia, mutism, and lower cranial nerve paralysis with intact eye movements and consciousness and communication through eye blink only. The irretrievable LIS condition differs from a coma, persistent vegetative state, and akinetic mutism with preserved volitional vertical eye movements and blinking involving a lack of conscious interaction with the environment. Reports and evidence on assessment and rehabilitation with LIS are scanty. Thus, this case study aims to highlight some of the challenges faced by speech-language pathologists in the assessment and management of LIS in a multidisciplinary rehabilitation center. This study also emphasizes the assessment protocol adapted to diagnose and strategies planned for intervention.

Case Description: A 58 years old male followed by an ischemic brain stroke diagnosed with LIS with a tracheostomy came to the department. Detailed history noted history revealed a brainstem stroke with pons involvement and a tracheostomy with percutaneous endoscopic gastrotomy and immobile vocal folds with limited epiglottic movements with impaired swallowing ability and severe aspiration. The clinical assessment was challenging and difficult to select appropriate assessment strategies for the condition. Detailed Speech, Swallow, and Language evaluations were carried out. The detailed evaluation reported the client with anarthria with tracheostomy secondary to locked-in syndrome.

Conclusion: The present case report summarizes the need and findings of various evaluation procedures in the field of communication disorders. The role of an SLP is essential and a proper diagnostic protocol need to be considered along with spectacular observation while assessing LIS.

Periapical Pocket Cyst of Anterior Maxilla: A Case Report

Mun Mukherjee, Moumita Pal, Vineet Nair — Thu, 11 May 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Periapical cyst is an inflammatory odontogenic cyst of endodontic origin. It presents either as an epithelium lined closed pathological cavity (then it is called periapical true cyst) or the epithelium lined cavity is continuous with the root canal of the affected tooth (periapical pocket cyst). The treatment of choice for the majority of the periapical cysts is conventional root canal treatment. However large, true cysts respond less favorably to non-surgical treatment. We present a case of a 20 years old female patient who had a swelling in the upper lip region. A provisional diagnosis of periapical cyst was arrived at considering the clinical and radiographic features. Intra-operatively, the cyst was continuous with the root canal. Histopathological examination was done.

A Case of Warthin Tumor Highlighting the Diagnostic Dilemmas Encountered

Gita Gangadharan Shrivastav, Hema Malini Aiyer, Garima Rawat — Thu, 11 May 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: Warthin’s tumour (WT) previously known as papillary cystadeno-lymphomatosum is the most frequent ‘monomorphic’ adenoma of the major salivary glands, representing about 2–15% of all parotid tumours. It is a benign epithelial salivary gland neoplasm affecting elderly individuals and commonly involves the inferior pole of parotid glands. Fine needle aspiration cytology is considered the first diagnostic approach for salivary gland lesions; however, the cytological findings in Warthin tumor can be dubious many a times.

Case Presentation: We present a case of a female in sixth decade of life with left neck swelling which mimicked a necrotic lymph node on imaging and turned out to be Warthin tumor.

Conclusion: In the present paper, we discuss the diagnostic dilemmas faced in a case of warthin tumor.

Rare Skin Eruption Caused by Paracetamol: A Case of Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis

Naveen Kizhakkayil Tency , Archa Roy — Wed, 14 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Background: This case report aims to enhance clinicians' ability to identify and effectively manage rare skin eruptions, specifically focusing on Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis (AGEP) by providing valuable insights into the context of its diagnostic challenges and clinical implications.

Presentation of Case: We present a case of AGEP in a 16-year-old Indian boy who developed generalized pustulosis after taking Paracetamol (Acetaminophen). The patient's diagnosis was initially delayed due to the resemblance of AGEP with other skin conditions. Furthermore, the inadvertent reintroduction of Paracetamol exacerbated the condition.

Discussion: We discuss various treatment options and emphasize the importance of prompt and accurate diagnosis of AGEP by utilizing the AGEP validation. By employing this scoring system, clinicians can enhance their diagnostic accuracy and avoid unnecessary delays in treatment initiation.

Conclusion: The prompt identification of AGEP using the AGEP validation score is crucial for timely management. This case report highlights the potential risks associated with common drugs like Paracetamol and emphasizes the need for vigilance in prescribing medications. Clinicians should be aware of the distinctive features of AGEP and consider it as a differential diagnosis in patients presenting with pustular skin eruptions following drug intake. Improved awareness and application of diagnostic tools can aid in better patient outcomes.