Frenum is a mucous membrane fold that attaches the lip and the cheek to the alveolar mucosa, the gingiva and the underlying periosteum. Often the dentist gives very little importance to the frenum. Aberrant frena may endanger the gingival health when they are attached too closely to the gingival margin, either due to an interference in the plaque control or due to a muscle pull. Additionally there are aesthetic problems or recurrence problems after orthodontic treatment. The management of such an aberrant frenum is accomplished by performing a frenectomy. This paper sheds light on the aberrant frenum and its management, mainly by using scalpel in the classical technique.
NB in fetuses is very common with scanty data available in literature regarding natural history, genetic causes, treatment, and outcomes. We reported a rare case of adrenal NB which was associated along with anencephaly. While recording the maternal history the consanguine marriage were noted. During routine dissection of fetus the suprarenal, kidney, lungs were not well developed. All the organs were stained with H& E and we found the suprarenal gland of right side showed a rosettes cell tumor which are rounded grouping of cells, scanty cytoplasm with hyper chromatic nucleus. They usually consist of spoke wheel like arrangement surrounding a central, acellular region. These features are specific and confined to Adrenal Neuroblastoma.
Gingival inflammation is the most common finding due to various etiogical factors, plaque and calculus being commonest amongst all. Inflammation leads to redness, bleeding on probing, hypertrophy and hyperplasia of gingival. But its a diagnostic dilemma in absence of other factors. As diagnosis is one of important aspects for treatment planning. Hence the present clinical condition highlights plasma cell gingivitis due to the application of herbal tooth powder. Plasma cell gingivitis is rare benign condition which is characterised by erythematous and oedematous gingival due to diffuse and massive infiltration of plasma cells into the sub-epithelial connective tissue due to a hypersensitivity reaction to ingredients of herbal toothpowder. This case reports aims to acquaint clinicians with a rare clinical entity plasma cell gingivitis so that this should be considered as differential diagnosis with the similar appearing entities like leukemia, HIV infection, discoid lupus erythematosis, atrophic lichen planus. Clinician’s should be well versed with the allergic components present not only in eatables but also in the oral hygiene products which can ellict an allergic reaction. Hence eliminating and weekly charting of the products consumed will be useful.
Burning symptoms in the oral cavity are caused by a range of systemic and local factors. Patients might mention it as a single complaint or sometimes as a secondary symptom in association with other factors, like with oral dryness, oral mucosal lesions or certain systemic conditions. There is a level of uncertainty in the presentation of our case as the patient presented with minimal oral lesion (to diagnose lichenplanus), dryness of mouth (xerostomia), sharp cusps of teeth (trauma to tongue and cheeks), poor oral hygiene (candidiasis), elevated glycaemic level (diabetes), chewing betel nut (deleterious habit), history of loss in business (anxiety) and missing teeth (ill-fitting dentures). So with an armamentarium of so many differential diagnosis we proceeded to diagnose the case.
Frenum is a mucous membrane fold that attaches the lip and the cheek to the alveolar mucosa, the gingiva and the underlying periosteum. Sometimes the shape, size or attachment location of the frenum might be abnormal and then it is called as aberrant frenum. Aberrant frena may be a risk to the gingival health when they are attached too closely to the gingival margin, either due to an interference in the plaque control or due to a muscle pull. Also there are aesthetic problems or recurrence problems after orthodontic treatment. The management of such an aberrant frenum is accomplished by performing a frenectomy. This paper sheds light on the aberrant frenum and its management, mainly by using scalpel in the VY-plasty technique.
