Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus in Some Types of Dairy Products in Baghdad Markets
Journal of Disease and Global Health,
Page 1-7
DOI:
10.56557/jodagh/2023/v16i18084
Abstract
In both, the community and hospitals, methicillin -resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) seems to be a major problem. Because protein-rich foods are thought to be a rich reservoir for this bacterium, 55 samples were randomly collected from various outlets in Baghdad between November 2021 and January 2022 and analyzed using standard isolation protocols of food microbiology with some modification processing by the authors to determine the presence of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in yogurt and ice cream retailed in our markets. There were 28 (50.9%) isolates of S. aureus, of which 12 (42.9%) were confirmed as MRSA, 8 (47.1%) were raw yogurt derivatives, and 4 (36.4%) were ice cream derivatives. As a result, it is suggested that MRSA is present in local food goods in Baghdad marketplaces, and it is advised that these products be monitored frequently to ensure the safety of the public.
Keywords:
- Baghdad markets
- ice cream
- Staphylococcus aureus
- yogurt
How to Cite
Kanaan, M. H. G., Tarek, A. M., & Sura Saad Abdullah, S. S. x. (2023). Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus in Some Types of Dairy Products in Baghdad Markets. Journal of Disease and Global Health, 16(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.56557/jodagh/2023/v16i18084
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Kanaan MHG. Isolation and Identification of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from Locally Produced Raw Milk and Soft Cheese from Some Regions in Baghdad (Doctoral dissertation, Dissertation, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Iraq); 2013.
Mirzaei H, Farhoudi H, Tavassoli H, Farajli M, Monadi A. Presence and antimicrobial susceptibility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in raw and pasteurized milk and ice cream in Tabriz by culture and PCR techniques. African Journal of Microbiology Research. 2012; 6(32):6224-6229.
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Kanaan M, Abdullah SS. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: as A superbug foodborne pathogen. LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing; 2019.
Kanaan MHG. Antibacterial effect of ozonated water against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus contaminating chicken meat in Wasit Province, Iraq. Vet World. 2018;11(10):1445-53.
Todd EC, Greig JD, Bartleson CA, Michaels BS. Outbreaks where food workers have been implicated in the spread of foodborne disease. Part 5. Sources of contamination and pathogen excretion from infected persons. J Food Prot. 2008;71(12):2582-95.
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Bhatia A, Zahoor S. Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins: a review. J Clin Diagn Res. 2007;3(1):188-97.
Normanno G, La Salandra G, Dambrosio A, Quaglia NC, Corrente M, Parisi A et al. Occurrence, characterization and antimicrobial resistance of enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus isolated from meat and dairy products. Int J Food Microbiol. 2007;115(3):290-6.
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Kanaan MHG, Et al. Isawi AJO. Biochem Cell Arch. Prevalence of methicillin or multiple drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in cattle meat marketed in Wasit Province. 2019;19(1):495-502.
Kanaan MHG, ET al. Shammary A.H.A. J Vet Med. Detection of methicillin or multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in locally produced raw milk and soft cheese in Baghdad markets. The Iraqi. 2013;37(2):226-31.
Kanaan MHG, Salim ID, Tarek AM, Abdullah SS. Assessment of the knowledge, attitude, and practice related to visceral leishmaniasis among residents of Al-Suwaira city, Wasit Governorate, Middle East of Iraq. J Prev Med Hyg. 2022; 63(3):E429-34.
Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; twenty-fifth informational supplement. CLSI Document M100-S25. Wayne: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; 2015.
Quinn PJ. Clinical veterinary microbiology (No. SF 780.2. C54 1994); 1994.
Kanaan M, Abdullah S. Evaluation of aqueous Ozone as a method to combat multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus tainting cattle meat sold in Wasit marketplaces. Mansoura Vet Med J. 2021;22(3):117-23.
Zhou C, Fey PD. The acid response network of Staphylococcus aureus. Curr Opin Microbiol. 2020;55:67-73.
Shah M, Mohanraj M. High levels of fusidic acid‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus in dermatology patients. Br J Dermatol. 2003; 148(5):1018-20.
Bore E, Langsrud S, Langsrud Ø, Rode TM, Holck A. Acid-shock responses in Staphylococcus aureus investigated by global gene expression analysis. Microbiology (Reading). 2007;153(7):2289-303.
Harris LG, Foster SJ, Richards RG. An introduction to Staphylococcus aureus, and techniques for identifying and quantifying S. aureus adhesins in relation to adhesion to biomaterials: review [review]. Eur Cell Mater. 2002;4(3):39-60.
Jay JM, Loessner MJ, Golden DA. Modern food microbiology. Springer Science+ Business Media; 2008.
Hadi Ghaffoori Kanaan M, Jebur Obayes Al-Isawi A, Ahmad Mohamme F. Antimicrobial resistance and antibiogram of thermotolerant campylobacter recovered from poultry meat in Baghdad markets, Iraq. Arch Razi Inst. 2022;77(1):249- 55.
Kanaan MHG, Mohammed FA. Antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter jejuni from poultry meat in local markets of Iraq. Plant Arch. 2020;20;Suppl 1:410-5.
Kanaan MHG, Abdulwahid MT. Prevalence rate, antibiotic resistance and biotyping of thermotolerant Campylobacter isolated from poultry products vended in Wasit markets. Curr Res Nutr. Food Sci. J. 2019; 7(3):905-17.
Elmalı M, Can HY. The prevalence, vancomycin resistance and virulence gene profiles of Enterococcus species recovered from different foods of animal origin. Vet Arhiv. 2018;88(1):111-24.
Kanaan MH. Prevalence, resistance to antimicrobials, and antibiotypes of Arcobacter species recovered from retail meat in Wāsit marketplaces in Iraq. Health. 2021;7(1):142-50.
Kanaan MHG, Tarek AM, Abdullah SS. Knowledge and attitude among samples from community members, pharmacists and health care providers about antibiotic resistance in Al-Suwaria city/Wassit province/Iraq. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. IOP Publishing.2021;790(1):012059.
Kanaan MHG, Khalil ZK, Khashan HT, Ghasemian A. Occurrence of virulence factors and carbapenemase genes in Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis isolated from chicken meat and egg samples in Iraq. BMC Microbiol. 2022; 22(1):279.
Kanaan MHG. Isolation and Identification of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from Locally Produced Raw Milk and Soft Cheese from Some Regions in Baghdad (Doctoral dissertation, Dissertation, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Iraq); 2013.
Mirzaei H, Farhoudi H, Tavassoli H, Farajli M, Monadi A. Presence and antimicrobial susceptibility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in raw and pasteurized milk and ice cream in Tabriz by culture and PCR techniques. African Journal of Microbiology Research. 2012; 6(32):6224-6229.
Amini R, Abdulamir AS, Beh PL, Jahanshiri F, Hematian A, Zargar M, Sekawi Z, Jalilian FA. Isolation and identification of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from keys of college students using different detection methods. British Biotechnology Journal. 2012;2(1):13.
Kanaan M, Abdullah SS. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: as A superbug foodborne pathogen. LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing; 2019.
Kanaan MHG. Antibacterial effect of ozonated water against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus contaminating chicken meat in Wasit Province, Iraq. Vet World. 2018;11(10):1445-53.
Todd EC, Greig JD, Bartleson CA, Michaels BS. Outbreaks where food workers have been implicated in the spread of foodborne disease. Part 5. Sources of contamination and pathogen excretion from infected persons. J Food Prot. 2008;71(12):2582-95.
Ahmed OB. Prevalence of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and classical enterotoxin genes among Sudanese food handlers. Cureus. 2020;12(12):e12289.
Sivaraman GK, Gupta SS, Visnuvinayagam S, Muthulakshmi T, Elangovan R, Perumal V et al. Prevalence of S. aureus and/or MRSA from seafood products from Indian seafood products. BMC Microbiol. 2022;22(1):233.
Mekhloufi OA, Chieffi D, Hammoudi A, Bensefia SA, Fanelli F, Fusco V. Prevalence, enterotoxigenic potential and antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from Algerian ready to eat foods. Toxins. 2021;13(12):835.
Chieffi D, Fanelli F, Cho GS, Schubert J, Blaiotta G, Franz CMAP et al. Novel insights into the enterotoxigenic potential and genomic background of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from raw milk. Food Microbiol. 2020;90:103482.
Madoroba E, Magwedere K, Chaora NS, Matle I, Muchadeyi F, Mathole MA et al. Microbial communities of meat and meat products: an exploratory analysis of the product quality and safety at selected enterprises in South Africa. Microorganisms. 2021;9(3):507.
Abdeen EE, Mousa WS, Abdelsalam SY, Heikal HS, Shawish RR, Nooruzzaman M et al. Prevalence and characterization of coagulase positive Staphylococci from food products and human specimens in Egypt. Antibiotics (Basel). 2021;10(1):75.
Martin JG, de Oliveira E Silva G, da Fonseca CR, Morales CB, Souza Pamplona Silva C, Miquelluti DL et al. Efficiency of a cleaning protocol for the removal of enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus strains in dairy plants. Int J Food Microbiol. 2016;238:295-301.
Bhatia A, Zahoor S. Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins: a review. J Clin Diagn Res. 2007;3(1):188-97.
Normanno G, La Salandra G, Dambrosio A, Quaglia NC, Corrente M, Parisi A et al. Occurrence, characterization and antimicrobial resistance of enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus isolated from meat and dairy products. Int J Food Microbiol. 2007;115(3):290-6.
Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM). Staphylococcus aureus. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA); 2022. Available: https://www.fda.gov/food/laboratory-methods-food/bacteriological-analytical-manual-bam
ISO 6888-1:2021. Microbiology of the food chain – Horizontal method for the enumeration of coagulase-positive staphylococci (Staphylococcus aureus and other species) - Part 1: Method using Baird-Parker agar medium. Available: https://www.iso.org/standard/76672.html.
Kanaan MHG, Et al. Isawi AJO. Biochem Cell Arch. Prevalence of methicillin or multiple drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in cattle meat marketed in Wasit Province. 2019;19(1):495-502.
Kanaan MHG, ET al. Shammary A.H.A. J Vet Med. Detection of methicillin or multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in locally produced raw milk and soft cheese in Baghdad markets. The Iraqi. 2013;37(2):226-31.
Kanaan MHG, Salim ID, Tarek AM, Abdullah SS. Assessment of the knowledge, attitude, and practice related to visceral leishmaniasis among residents of Al-Suwaira city, Wasit Governorate, Middle East of Iraq. J Prev Med Hyg. 2022; 63(3):E429-34.
Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; twenty-fifth informational supplement. CLSI Document M100-S25. Wayne: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; 2015.
Quinn PJ. Clinical veterinary microbiology (No. SF 780.2. C54 1994); 1994.
Kanaan M, Abdullah S. Evaluation of aqueous Ozone as a method to combat multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus tainting cattle meat sold in Wasit marketplaces. Mansoura Vet Med J. 2021;22(3):117-23.
Zhou C, Fey PD. The acid response network of Staphylococcus aureus. Curr Opin Microbiol. 2020;55:67-73.
Shah M, Mohanraj M. High levels of fusidic acid‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus in dermatology patients. Br J Dermatol. 2003; 148(5):1018-20.
Bore E, Langsrud S, Langsrud Ø, Rode TM, Holck A. Acid-shock responses in Staphylococcus aureus investigated by global gene expression analysis. Microbiology (Reading). 2007;153(7):2289-303.
Harris LG, Foster SJ, Richards RG. An introduction to Staphylococcus aureus, and techniques for identifying and quantifying S. aureus adhesins in relation to adhesion to biomaterials: review [review]. Eur Cell Mater. 2002;4(3):39-60.
Jay JM, Loessner MJ, Golden DA. Modern food microbiology. Springer Science+ Business Media; 2008.
Hadi Ghaffoori Kanaan M, Jebur Obayes Al-Isawi A, Ahmad Mohamme F. Antimicrobial resistance and antibiogram of thermotolerant campylobacter recovered from poultry meat in Baghdad markets, Iraq. Arch Razi Inst. 2022;77(1):249- 55.
Kanaan MHG, Mohammed FA. Antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter jejuni from poultry meat in local markets of Iraq. Plant Arch. 2020;20;Suppl 1:410-5.
Kanaan MHG, Abdulwahid MT. Prevalence rate, antibiotic resistance and biotyping of thermotolerant Campylobacter isolated from poultry products vended in Wasit markets. Curr Res Nutr. Food Sci. J. 2019; 7(3):905-17.
Elmalı M, Can HY. The prevalence, vancomycin resistance and virulence gene profiles of Enterococcus species recovered from different foods of animal origin. Vet Arhiv. 2018;88(1):111-24.
Kanaan MH. Prevalence, resistance to antimicrobials, and antibiotypes of Arcobacter species recovered from retail meat in Wāsit marketplaces in Iraq. Health. 2021;7(1):142-50.
Kanaan MHG, Tarek AM, Abdullah SS. Knowledge and attitude among samples from community members, pharmacists and health care providers about antibiotic resistance in Al-Suwaria city/Wassit province/Iraq. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. IOP Publishing.2021;790(1):012059.
Kanaan MHG, Khalil ZK, Khashan HT, Ghasemian A. Occurrence of virulence factors and carbapenemase genes in Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis isolated from chicken meat and egg samples in Iraq. BMC Microbiol. 2022; 22(1):279.
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