Toxic Metal Concentrations and Exposure Risks Associated with Surface Water, Seafood (Clarias gariepinus, Oreochromis niloticus, Cottus gobio) and Vegetable (Telfairia occidentalis) from Elebele River, Nigeria
Journal of Global Ecology and Environment, Volume 17, Issue 3,
Page 51-66
DOI:
10.56557/jogee/2023/v17i38202
Abstract
Human exposure to elevated levels of environmental contaminants is an important concern of health toxicology. This study assessed the toxicity level of toxic metals including Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Lead (Pb) and Nickel (Ni) in samples of water, seafood (Clarias gariepinus, Oreochromis niloticus, Cottus gobio) and vegetable (Telfairia occidentalis) from the adjacent area of Elebele River, Nigeria, bioconcentration and toxic metal exposure posed to communities consuming these foodstuffs. The following indices: single-factor index and the comprehensive pollution index, metal pollution index, estimated daily and weekly intakes, hazard index and lifetime cancer risk were applied. Samples of water, seafood and vegetable were analysed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The results showed that the concentrations of metals except for Cd in water samples were higher than the permissible limits by international organisations. Results also revealed that the concentrations of metals in foodstuff samples were within limits. Furthermore, the values of estimated weekly intakes calculated were lower than the limits of provisional tolerable weekly intakes established by the Food and Agriculture Organization and World Health Organization. This suggests no health risks and is consistent with the HI results. However, As was a major contributor (96.9%) to health risks associated with the ingestion of water. Lifelong consumption of T. occidentalis might be hazardous in the study locality. The carcinogenic risk was > 1 × 10‒4 for As and Ni. Therefore, to reduce the health risk and the extent of metal contamination, steps must be taken for the efficient removal of metals from the water body.
Keywords:
- Toxic metals
- single-factor index
- metal pollution index
- health risk assessment
- elebele river
- lifetime cancer risk
- seafood
- vegetable
How to Cite
Minaopunye, O.-O. B., Chinedum, E. D. V., & Ebere, E. O. (2023). Toxic Metal Concentrations and Exposure Risks Associated with Surface Water, Seafood (Clarias gariepinus, Oreochromis niloticus, Cottus gobio) and Vegetable (Telfairia occidentalis) from Elebele River, Nigeria. Journal of Global Ecology and Environment, 17(3), 51–66. https://doi.org/10.56557/jogee/2023/v17i38202
References
Gupta N, Yadav KK, Kumar V, Kumar S, Chadd RP, Kumar A. Trace Elements in Soil-Vegetables Interface: Translocation, Bioaccumulation, Toxicity and Amelioration - a Review. Science of the Total Environment. 2019;651:2927–2942. DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.047
Prasad S, Yadav KK, Kumar S, Gupta N, Cabral-Pinto MM, Rezania S. Radwan N, Alam J. Chromium Contamination and Effect on Environmental Health and its Remediation: A Sustainable Approaches. Journal of Environmental Management.2021;285:112174. DOI:10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112174
DPR (Directorate of Petroleum Resources. Illegal Artisanal Refining; 2018.
Available:www.dpr.gov.ng/Illegal-artisanal Refining
Wang X, Sato T, Xing B, Tao S. Health risks of heavy metals to the general public in Tianjin, China via consumption of vegetables and fish. Science of the Total Environment. 2015;350(1–3):28–37.
Sardar K, Ali S, Hameed S, Afzal S, Fatima S, Shakoor MB, Bharwana SA, Tauqeer HM. Heavy metals contamination and what are the impacts on living organisms Greener Journal of Environmental Management and Public Safety. 2013;2:172-179
Omutange ES, Manyala JO, Wekesa AN, Osano O, Munyao T, Otieno AA, Etiegni L. Distribution of potentially toxic elements in water, sediment and soils in the riparian zones around a kraft pulp and paper mill in Western Kenya. In Saleh H, Hassan IA. (Eds.), Environmental Impact and Remediation of Heavy Metals Intech Open; 2022. Available:https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.102440
Beyersmann D, Hartwig A. Carcinogenic metal compounds: Recent insight into molecular and cellular mechanisms. Archives of Toxicology. 2008;82(8):493–512. Available:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-008-0313-y
Fazlzadeh M, Khosravi R, Zarei A. Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Peganum harmala seed extract, and loaded on Peganum harmala seed powdered activated carbon as new adsorbent for removal of Cr (VI) from aqueous solution Ecological Engineering. 2017;103:180-190
Onyegeme-Okerenta BM, West OL, Chuku LC. Concentration, dietary exposure and human health risk assessment of total petroleum and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in seafood from coastal communities in Rivers State, Nigeria. Scientific African. 2022;16:e01186 Available:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2022.e01186
Roubicek DA, Rech CM, Umbuzeiro GA. Mutagenicity as a parameter in surface water monitoring programs—opportunity for water quality improvement. Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis. 2020;61:200–211.
Kumar V, Sharma A, Kumar R, Bhardwaj R, Kumar Thukral A, Rodrigo-Comino J. Assessment of heavy-metal pollution in three different Indian water bodies by combination of multivariate analysis and water pollution indices. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment. 2020;26:1–16.
Koki IB, Low KH, Juahir H, Azid A, Zain S.M. Assessment of water quality of man-made lakes in Klang Valley (Malaysia) using Chemometrics: The impact of mining. Desalination and Water Treatment, 2017;74:125-136.
Engwa GA, Ferdinand PU, Nwalo FN, Unachukwu MN. Mechanism and Health Effects of Heavy Metal Toxicity in Humans [Internet]. Poisoning in the Modern World - New Tricks for an Old Dog? IntechOpen; 2019. Available:http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.82511
Visnjic-Jeftic Z, Jaric I, Jovanovic L, Skoric S, Smederevac-Lalic M, Nikcevic M, Lenhardt, M. Heavy metal and trace element accumulation in muscle, liver and gills of the Pontic shad (Alosa immaculate Bennet 1835) from the Danube River (Serbia). Microchemical Journal. 2010;95: 341-344.
Otles S, Cagindi O. Health importance of arsenic in drinking water and food. Environmental Geochemistry and Health. 2010;32:367-371. DOI: 10.1007/s10653-010-9296-8.
Wongsasuluk P, Chotpantarat S, Siriwong W, Robson M. Heavy metal contamination and human health risk assessment in drinking water from shallow groundwater wells in an agricultural area in Ubon Ratchathani province, Thailand. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 2014;36(1):169–182. Available:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-013-9537-8
Yan N, Liu W, Xie H, Gao L, Han Y, Wang M, Li H. Distribution and assessment of heavy metals in the surface sediment of Yellow River, China. Journal of Environmental Sciences. 2016;39:45-51 Available:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2015.10.017
Radfard M, Yunesian M, Nabizadeh R, Biglari H, Nazmara S, Hadi M, Yousefi N, Yousefi M, Abbasnia A, Mahvi AH. Drinking water quality and arsenic health risk assessment in Sistan and Baluchestan, Southeastern Province, Iran, Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal. 2019;25(4):949-965 DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2018.1458210
Zhou Y, Ning J, Li L, Long Q, Wei A, Liu Z. Health Risk Assessment of Groundwater in Gaobeidian, North China: Distribution, Source, and Chemical Species of the Main Contaminants. Exposure and Health. 2020;12(3):427–446.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1007/s12403-020-00365-6
Kavcar P, Sofuoglu A, Sofuoglu SC. A health risk assessment for exposure to trace metals via drinking water ingestion pathway. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health. 2009;212:216-227.
Dorne J, Kass G, Bordajandi LR, Amzal B, Bertelsen U, Castoldi AF, Heppner C, Eskola M, Fabiansson S, Ferrari P. Human risk assessment of heavy metals: Principles and applications. Metal Ions in Life Sciences. 2011;8:27-60
Onuoha FC. Oil pipeline sabotage in Nigeria: Dimensions, actors and implications for national security. African Security Review. 2008;17(3):99-115. DOI: 10.1080/10246029.2008.9627487
Agrawal GD. Diffuse agricultural water pollution in India. Water Science and Technology, 1999;39(3):33–47.
Sehgal M, Garg A, Suresh R, Dagar P. Heavy metal contamination in the Delhi segment of Yamuna basin. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 2012;184(2): 1181–1196. Available:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-011-2031-9.
Li X, Li Z, Lin C.-J, Bi X, Liu J, Feng X, Wu T. Health risks of heavy metal exposure through vegetable consumption near a large-scale Pb/Zn smelter in central China. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2018;161:99-110.
DOI:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.05.080
Zhu F, Qu L, Fan W, Wang A, Hao H, Li X, Yao S. Study on heavy metal levels and its health risk assessment in some edible fishes from Nansi Lake, China. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2015;187:1– 13.
Li J, Miao X, Hao Y, Xie Z, Zou S, Zhou C. Health Risk Assessment of Metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Cd, As, Hg, Se) in Angling Fish with Different Lengths Collected from Liuzhou, China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020;17(7), 2192. DOI:10.3390/ijerph17072192
Miao XY, Hao YP, Tang X, Xie ZQ, Liu LP, Luo SW, Huang QB, Zou SZ, Zhang CL, Li J. Analysis and health risk assessment of toxic and essential elements of the wild fish caught by anglers in Liuzhou as a large industrial city of China. Chemosphere. 2020;243:125337.
Yan N, Liu W, Xie H, Gao L, Han Y, Wang M, Li H. Distribution and assessment of heavy metals in the surface sediment of Yellow River, China. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2016;39:45–51. DOI:10.1016/j.jes.2015.10.017
Usero J, Morillo J, Gracia I. Heavy metal concentrations in molluscs from the Atlantic coast of southern Spain. Chemosphere. 2005;59:1175–1181.
Abdel-Khalek AA, Elhaddad E, Mamdouh S, Marie M.-A.S. Assessment of metal pollution around sabal drainage in River Nile and its impacts on bioaccumulation level, metals correlation and human risk hazard using Oreochromis niloticus as a bioindicator. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 2016;16:227–239.
Bansal OP. Health risks of potentially toxic metals contaminated water; In Nduka JK, Rashed MN. (Eds,), Heavy Metal Toxicity in Public Health. IntechOpen; 2020. DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.92141.
Orisakwe OE, Nduka JK, Amadi CN, Dike DO, Bede O. Heavy metal health risk assessment for population via consumption of food crops and fruits in Owerri, South Eastern Nigeria. Chemistry Central Journal. 2012;6(1):77.24.
Varol M, Sunbul MR. Multiple approaches to assess human health risks from carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic metals via consumption of five fish species from a large reservoir in Turkey. Science of The Total Environment, 2018;633:684–694. DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.2
FAO/WHO (2019). General Standard for Contaminants and Toxins in Food and Feed. Codex Alimentarius Commission. Reference CXS 193-1995
Available: http://www.fao.org/fao-who codexalimentarius/sh-proxy/en/?lnk=1&url = https% 253A %252F%252Fworkspace. fao.org%252Fsites%252F codex%252F Standards% 252FCXS% 2B 193-1995% 252FCXS_193e.pdf
USEPA, 2004. Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund Volume I: Human Health Evaluation Manual (Part E, Supplemental Guidance for Dermal Risk Assessment) Final. Washington DC,: United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2004;156.
Available:http://www2.epa.gov/sites/production/ files/2015
Ametepey ST, Cobbina SJ, Akpabey FJ, Abudu BD, Zita NA. Health risk assessment and heavy metal contamination levels in vegetables from Tamale Metropolis, Ghana. Food Contamination. 2018;5(5). DOI.org/10.1186/s40550-018-0067-0
Beniah I, Enyoh E. Monitoring and modeling of heavy metal contents in vegetables collected from markets in Imo State, Nigeria. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. 2020;35: e2020003. DOI:10.5620/eaht.e2020003
USEPA. Risk assessment: guidance for superfund; Human health evaluation manual (Part A), interim final (EPA/540/1-89/002); United States Environmental Protection Agency: Washington, DC, USA. 1989;1.
USEPA. Drinking Water Standards and Health Advisories, EPA 822-R09–011; Office of Water: Washington, DC, USA; 2009.
Mania M, Rebeniak M, Szynal T, Wojciechowska-Mazurek M, Starska K, Ledzion E, Postupolski J. Total and inorganic arsenic in fish, shellfish and seaweeds--exposure assessment. Annals of the National Institute of Hygiene. 2015;66(3):203-10.
Prato E, Biandolino F, Parlapiano I, Giandomenico S, Denti G, Calo M, Spada L, Di-Leo A. Proximate, fatty acids and metals in edible marine bivalves from Italian market: beneficial and risk for consumers health. Science of the Total Environment. 2019;648:153–163.
EFSA. Panel on contaminants in the food chain (CONTAM). Scientific opinion on arsenic in food. EFSA Journal. 2009;7 (10):1351.
www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/doc/1351.pdf. (Accessed November 27, 2022)
Saha N, Zaman MR. Evaluation of possible health risks of heavy metals by consumption of foodstuffs available in the central market of Rajshahi City, Bangladesh. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 2013;185:3867–78
USEPA. United States Environmental Protection Agency. Regional Screening Level (RSL) Summary Table (TR=1E-06, HQ=1); 2015.
Tepanosyan G, Maghakyan N, Sahakyan L, Saghatelyan A. Heavy metals pollution levels and children health risk assessment of yerevan kindergartens soils. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2017;142:257–265.
DOI:10.1016/ j.ecoenv.2017.04.013
Muhammad, S. Shah, M.T. Khan S. Health risk assessment of heavy metals and their source apportionment in drinking water of Kohistan region, Northern Pakistan. Microchemical Journal. 2011; 98;334-343.
Bradley B, Byrd KA, Atkins M, Isa SI, Akintola SL, Fakoya KA, Ene-Obong H, Thilsted SH. Fish in food systems in Nigeria: A review. Penang, Malaysia: WorldFish. Program Report: 2020;2020-06. Accessed on December 2022;
Available:https://fish.cgiar.org/publications/fish-food-systems-nigeria-review-0
FAO, (Food Agriculture Organization), Fishery and aquaculture statistics, Statistics and Information Service of the Fisheries and Aquaculture Department/Service, FAO, Rome, Roma. 2014.
Available:http://www.fao.org/3/a-i5716t.pdf
UNDP. (United Nations Development Programme). Human Development Report for Nigeria; 2020.
Available:http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/NGA.pdf
USEPA. (United States Environmental Protection Agency). Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS); 2017.
Available: https://www.epa.gov/iris (accessed on 15 December 2022)
ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry). Public Health Assessment Guidance Manual (Update). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Public Health Service, Atlanta, Georgia; 2021.
USEPA. (United States Environmental Protection Agency). Exposure Factors Handbook: Edition, Washington, DC, USA; 2011.
WHO. Guidelines for drinking-water quality: Fourth edition incorporating the first addendum. World Health Organization, Geneva; 2017.
USEPA. (United States Environmental Protection Agency). Guide for Industrial Waste Management; Protecting Land, Ground Water, Surface Water, Air. 2022; Available:https://www.epa.gov/smm/guide-industrial-waste-management.
Vu CT, Lin C, Yeh G, Villanueva MC. Bioaccumulation and potential sources of heavy metal contamination in fish species in Taiwan: Assessment and possible human health implications. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2017;24: 19422–19434.
Rajeshkumar S, Li X. Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in fish species from the Meiliang Bay, Taihu Lake, China. Toxicology Reports. 2018;5:288–295.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.01.007
FAO/WHO. (Food and Agricultural Organization/World Health Organization). Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme Codex Committee on Contaminants in Foods. 2011;21-25.
Ahmed MK, Baki MA, Kundu GK, Islam MS, Islam MM, Hossain MM. Human health risks from heavy metals in fish of Buriganga river, Bangladesh. Springer Plu. 2016;5:1697.
Saha N, Mollah M, Alam M, Rahman, MS. Seasonal investigation of heavy metals in marine fishes captured from the Bay of Bengal and the implications for human health risk assessment. Food Control. 2016;70:110–118.
Khan FE, Jolly YN, Islam GMR, Akter S, Kabir J. Contamination status and health risk assessment of trace elements in foodstuffs collected from the Buriganga river embankments, Dhaka, Bangladesh. International Journal of Food Contamination. 2014;1:1. DOI: 10.1186/s40550-014-0001-z
Jolly YN, Ahsanul Kabir Md, Akter S, Chowdhury AMS. Contamination status of water, fish and vegetable samples collected from a heavy industrial area and possible health risk assessment. Advances in Food Technology and Nutritional Sciences. 2019;5(2):73-83. DOI: 10.17140/AFTNSOJ-5-159
JECFA. (Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives). Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants. Seventy-third Report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. WHO Technical Report Series, No. 960. World Health Organization, Geneva; 2011.
Baki MA, Hossain MM, Akter J, Quraishi SB, Shojib MFH, Ullah AA, Khan MF. Concentration of heavy metals in seafood (fishes, shrimp, lobster and crabs) and human health assessment in Saint Martin Island, Bangladesh. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2018;159: 153–163.
Nwankwoala HO, Omemu SO. Quality implications of physico-chemical properties and heavy metals concentration levels in groundwater sources in elebele community, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Journal of Environment and Health Science. 2019; 5(1):52-8.
Prasad S, Yadav KK, Kumar S, Gupta N, Cabral-Pinto MM, Rezania S. Radwan N, Alam J. Chromium Contamination and Effect on Environmental Health and its Remediation: A Sustainable Approaches. Journal of Environmental Management.2021;285:112174. DOI:10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112174
DPR (Directorate of Petroleum Resources. Illegal Artisanal Refining; 2018.
Available:www.dpr.gov.ng/Illegal-artisanal Refining
Wang X, Sato T, Xing B, Tao S. Health risks of heavy metals to the general public in Tianjin, China via consumption of vegetables and fish. Science of the Total Environment. 2015;350(1–3):28–37.
Sardar K, Ali S, Hameed S, Afzal S, Fatima S, Shakoor MB, Bharwana SA, Tauqeer HM. Heavy metals contamination and what are the impacts on living organisms Greener Journal of Environmental Management and Public Safety. 2013;2:172-179
Omutange ES, Manyala JO, Wekesa AN, Osano O, Munyao T, Otieno AA, Etiegni L. Distribution of potentially toxic elements in water, sediment and soils in the riparian zones around a kraft pulp and paper mill in Western Kenya. In Saleh H, Hassan IA. (Eds.), Environmental Impact and Remediation of Heavy Metals Intech Open; 2022. Available:https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.102440
Beyersmann D, Hartwig A. Carcinogenic metal compounds: Recent insight into molecular and cellular mechanisms. Archives of Toxicology. 2008;82(8):493–512. Available:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-008-0313-y
Fazlzadeh M, Khosravi R, Zarei A. Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Peganum harmala seed extract, and loaded on Peganum harmala seed powdered activated carbon as new adsorbent for removal of Cr (VI) from aqueous solution Ecological Engineering. 2017;103:180-190
Onyegeme-Okerenta BM, West OL, Chuku LC. Concentration, dietary exposure and human health risk assessment of total petroleum and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in seafood from coastal communities in Rivers State, Nigeria. Scientific African. 2022;16:e01186 Available:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2022.e01186
Roubicek DA, Rech CM, Umbuzeiro GA. Mutagenicity as a parameter in surface water monitoring programs—opportunity for water quality improvement. Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis. 2020;61:200–211.
Kumar V, Sharma A, Kumar R, Bhardwaj R, Kumar Thukral A, Rodrigo-Comino J. Assessment of heavy-metal pollution in three different Indian water bodies by combination of multivariate analysis and water pollution indices. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment. 2020;26:1–16.
Koki IB, Low KH, Juahir H, Azid A, Zain S.M. Assessment of water quality of man-made lakes in Klang Valley (Malaysia) using Chemometrics: The impact of mining. Desalination and Water Treatment, 2017;74:125-136.
Engwa GA, Ferdinand PU, Nwalo FN, Unachukwu MN. Mechanism and Health Effects of Heavy Metal Toxicity in Humans [Internet]. Poisoning in the Modern World - New Tricks for an Old Dog? IntechOpen; 2019. Available:http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.82511
Visnjic-Jeftic Z, Jaric I, Jovanovic L, Skoric S, Smederevac-Lalic M, Nikcevic M, Lenhardt, M. Heavy metal and trace element accumulation in muscle, liver and gills of the Pontic shad (Alosa immaculate Bennet 1835) from the Danube River (Serbia). Microchemical Journal. 2010;95: 341-344.
Otles S, Cagindi O. Health importance of arsenic in drinking water and food. Environmental Geochemistry and Health. 2010;32:367-371. DOI: 10.1007/s10653-010-9296-8.
Wongsasuluk P, Chotpantarat S, Siriwong W, Robson M. Heavy metal contamination and human health risk assessment in drinking water from shallow groundwater wells in an agricultural area in Ubon Ratchathani province, Thailand. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 2014;36(1):169–182. Available:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-013-9537-8
Yan N, Liu W, Xie H, Gao L, Han Y, Wang M, Li H. Distribution and assessment of heavy metals in the surface sediment of Yellow River, China. Journal of Environmental Sciences. 2016;39:45-51 Available:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2015.10.017
Radfard M, Yunesian M, Nabizadeh R, Biglari H, Nazmara S, Hadi M, Yousefi N, Yousefi M, Abbasnia A, Mahvi AH. Drinking water quality and arsenic health risk assessment in Sistan and Baluchestan, Southeastern Province, Iran, Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal. 2019;25(4):949-965 DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2018.1458210
Zhou Y, Ning J, Li L, Long Q, Wei A, Liu Z. Health Risk Assessment of Groundwater in Gaobeidian, North China: Distribution, Source, and Chemical Species of the Main Contaminants. Exposure and Health. 2020;12(3):427–446.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1007/s12403-020-00365-6
Kavcar P, Sofuoglu A, Sofuoglu SC. A health risk assessment for exposure to trace metals via drinking water ingestion pathway. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health. 2009;212:216-227.
Dorne J, Kass G, Bordajandi LR, Amzal B, Bertelsen U, Castoldi AF, Heppner C, Eskola M, Fabiansson S, Ferrari P. Human risk assessment of heavy metals: Principles and applications. Metal Ions in Life Sciences. 2011;8:27-60
Onuoha FC. Oil pipeline sabotage in Nigeria: Dimensions, actors and implications for national security. African Security Review. 2008;17(3):99-115. DOI: 10.1080/10246029.2008.9627487
Agrawal GD. Diffuse agricultural water pollution in India. Water Science and Technology, 1999;39(3):33–47.
Sehgal M, Garg A, Suresh R, Dagar P. Heavy metal contamination in the Delhi segment of Yamuna basin. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 2012;184(2): 1181–1196. Available:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-011-2031-9.
Li X, Li Z, Lin C.-J, Bi X, Liu J, Feng X, Wu T. Health risks of heavy metal exposure through vegetable consumption near a large-scale Pb/Zn smelter in central China. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2018;161:99-110.
DOI:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.05.080
Zhu F, Qu L, Fan W, Wang A, Hao H, Li X, Yao S. Study on heavy metal levels and its health risk assessment in some edible fishes from Nansi Lake, China. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2015;187:1– 13.
Li J, Miao X, Hao Y, Xie Z, Zou S, Zhou C. Health Risk Assessment of Metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Cd, As, Hg, Se) in Angling Fish with Different Lengths Collected from Liuzhou, China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020;17(7), 2192. DOI:10.3390/ijerph17072192
Miao XY, Hao YP, Tang X, Xie ZQ, Liu LP, Luo SW, Huang QB, Zou SZ, Zhang CL, Li J. Analysis and health risk assessment of toxic and essential elements of the wild fish caught by anglers in Liuzhou as a large industrial city of China. Chemosphere. 2020;243:125337.
Yan N, Liu W, Xie H, Gao L, Han Y, Wang M, Li H. Distribution and assessment of heavy metals in the surface sediment of Yellow River, China. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2016;39:45–51. DOI:10.1016/j.jes.2015.10.017
Usero J, Morillo J, Gracia I. Heavy metal concentrations in molluscs from the Atlantic coast of southern Spain. Chemosphere. 2005;59:1175–1181.
Abdel-Khalek AA, Elhaddad E, Mamdouh S, Marie M.-A.S. Assessment of metal pollution around sabal drainage in River Nile and its impacts on bioaccumulation level, metals correlation and human risk hazard using Oreochromis niloticus as a bioindicator. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 2016;16:227–239.
Bansal OP. Health risks of potentially toxic metals contaminated water; In Nduka JK, Rashed MN. (Eds,), Heavy Metal Toxicity in Public Health. IntechOpen; 2020. DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.92141.
Orisakwe OE, Nduka JK, Amadi CN, Dike DO, Bede O. Heavy metal health risk assessment for population via consumption of food crops and fruits in Owerri, South Eastern Nigeria. Chemistry Central Journal. 2012;6(1):77.24.
Varol M, Sunbul MR. Multiple approaches to assess human health risks from carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic metals via consumption of five fish species from a large reservoir in Turkey. Science of The Total Environment, 2018;633:684–694. DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.2
FAO/WHO (2019). General Standard for Contaminants and Toxins in Food and Feed. Codex Alimentarius Commission. Reference CXS 193-1995
Available: http://www.fao.org/fao-who codexalimentarius/sh-proxy/en/?lnk=1&url = https% 253A %252F%252Fworkspace. fao.org%252Fsites%252F codex%252F Standards% 252FCXS% 2B 193-1995% 252FCXS_193e.pdf
USEPA, 2004. Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund Volume I: Human Health Evaluation Manual (Part E, Supplemental Guidance for Dermal Risk Assessment) Final. Washington DC,: United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2004;156.
Available:http://www2.epa.gov/sites/production/ files/2015
Ametepey ST, Cobbina SJ, Akpabey FJ, Abudu BD, Zita NA. Health risk assessment and heavy metal contamination levels in vegetables from Tamale Metropolis, Ghana. Food Contamination. 2018;5(5). DOI.org/10.1186/s40550-018-0067-0
Beniah I, Enyoh E. Monitoring and modeling of heavy metal contents in vegetables collected from markets in Imo State, Nigeria. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. 2020;35: e2020003. DOI:10.5620/eaht.e2020003
USEPA. Risk assessment: guidance for superfund; Human health evaluation manual (Part A), interim final (EPA/540/1-89/002); United States Environmental Protection Agency: Washington, DC, USA. 1989;1.
USEPA. Drinking Water Standards and Health Advisories, EPA 822-R09–011; Office of Water: Washington, DC, USA; 2009.
Mania M, Rebeniak M, Szynal T, Wojciechowska-Mazurek M, Starska K, Ledzion E, Postupolski J. Total and inorganic arsenic in fish, shellfish and seaweeds--exposure assessment. Annals of the National Institute of Hygiene. 2015;66(3):203-10.
Prato E, Biandolino F, Parlapiano I, Giandomenico S, Denti G, Calo M, Spada L, Di-Leo A. Proximate, fatty acids and metals in edible marine bivalves from Italian market: beneficial and risk for consumers health. Science of the Total Environment. 2019;648:153–163.
EFSA. Panel on contaminants in the food chain (CONTAM). Scientific opinion on arsenic in food. EFSA Journal. 2009;7 (10):1351.
www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/doc/1351.pdf. (Accessed November 27, 2022)
Saha N, Zaman MR. Evaluation of possible health risks of heavy metals by consumption of foodstuffs available in the central market of Rajshahi City, Bangladesh. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 2013;185:3867–78
USEPA. United States Environmental Protection Agency. Regional Screening Level (RSL) Summary Table (TR=1E-06, HQ=1); 2015.
Tepanosyan G, Maghakyan N, Sahakyan L, Saghatelyan A. Heavy metals pollution levels and children health risk assessment of yerevan kindergartens soils. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2017;142:257–265.
DOI:10.1016/ j.ecoenv.2017.04.013
Muhammad, S. Shah, M.T. Khan S. Health risk assessment of heavy metals and their source apportionment in drinking water of Kohistan region, Northern Pakistan. Microchemical Journal. 2011; 98;334-343.
Bradley B, Byrd KA, Atkins M, Isa SI, Akintola SL, Fakoya KA, Ene-Obong H, Thilsted SH. Fish in food systems in Nigeria: A review. Penang, Malaysia: WorldFish. Program Report: 2020;2020-06. Accessed on December 2022;
Available:https://fish.cgiar.org/publications/fish-food-systems-nigeria-review-0
FAO, (Food Agriculture Organization), Fishery and aquaculture statistics, Statistics and Information Service of the Fisheries and Aquaculture Department/Service, FAO, Rome, Roma. 2014.
Available:http://www.fao.org/3/a-i5716t.pdf
UNDP. (United Nations Development Programme). Human Development Report for Nigeria; 2020.
Available:http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/NGA.pdf
USEPA. (United States Environmental Protection Agency). Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS); 2017.
Available: https://www.epa.gov/iris (accessed on 15 December 2022)
ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry). Public Health Assessment Guidance Manual (Update). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Public Health Service, Atlanta, Georgia; 2021.
USEPA. (United States Environmental Protection Agency). Exposure Factors Handbook: Edition, Washington, DC, USA; 2011.
WHO. Guidelines for drinking-water quality: Fourth edition incorporating the first addendum. World Health Organization, Geneva; 2017.
USEPA. (United States Environmental Protection Agency). Guide for Industrial Waste Management; Protecting Land, Ground Water, Surface Water, Air. 2022; Available:https://www.epa.gov/smm/guide-industrial-waste-management.
Vu CT, Lin C, Yeh G, Villanueva MC. Bioaccumulation and potential sources of heavy metal contamination in fish species in Taiwan: Assessment and possible human health implications. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2017;24: 19422–19434.
Rajeshkumar S, Li X. Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in fish species from the Meiliang Bay, Taihu Lake, China. Toxicology Reports. 2018;5:288–295.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.01.007
FAO/WHO. (Food and Agricultural Organization/World Health Organization). Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme Codex Committee on Contaminants in Foods. 2011;21-25.
Ahmed MK, Baki MA, Kundu GK, Islam MS, Islam MM, Hossain MM. Human health risks from heavy metals in fish of Buriganga river, Bangladesh. Springer Plu. 2016;5:1697.
Saha N, Mollah M, Alam M, Rahman, MS. Seasonal investigation of heavy metals in marine fishes captured from the Bay of Bengal and the implications for human health risk assessment. Food Control. 2016;70:110–118.
Khan FE, Jolly YN, Islam GMR, Akter S, Kabir J. Contamination status and health risk assessment of trace elements in foodstuffs collected from the Buriganga river embankments, Dhaka, Bangladesh. International Journal of Food Contamination. 2014;1:1. DOI: 10.1186/s40550-014-0001-z
Jolly YN, Ahsanul Kabir Md, Akter S, Chowdhury AMS. Contamination status of water, fish and vegetable samples collected from a heavy industrial area and possible health risk assessment. Advances in Food Technology and Nutritional Sciences. 2019;5(2):73-83. DOI: 10.17140/AFTNSOJ-5-159
JECFA. (Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives). Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants. Seventy-third Report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. WHO Technical Report Series, No. 960. World Health Organization, Geneva; 2011.
Baki MA, Hossain MM, Akter J, Quraishi SB, Shojib MFH, Ullah AA, Khan MF. Concentration of heavy metals in seafood (fishes, shrimp, lobster and crabs) and human health assessment in Saint Martin Island, Bangladesh. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2018;159: 153–163.
Nwankwoala HO, Omemu SO. Quality implications of physico-chemical properties and heavy metals concentration levels in groundwater sources in elebele community, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Journal of Environment and Health Science. 2019; 5(1):52-8.
-
Abstract View: 38 times
PDF Download: 6 times
Download Statistics
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
Current Issue
Subscription
Login to access subscriber-only resources.