ADAPTIVE COMPONENTS OF Cyperus exaltatus UNDER HARSH SALINE ENVIRONMENT
PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, Volume 23, Issue 7-8,
Page 59-71
DOI:
10.56557/pcbmb/2022/v23i7-87471
Abstract
Among the environmental problems, salinity is one of the major threats to agriculture around the globe which affects more than 6% of the available land on earth. However halophytes are blessed with the ability to cope with high salinity by various mechanisms. The present study was aimed to explore adaptive components of Cyperus exaltatus which is now growing widely at a number of saline areas across the Pakistan. Extensive trips were made across the country to collect the populations of Cyperus exaltatus from all sorts of environments with varying levels of salinity. The morphological study of ecotypes showed that many growth parameters were affected negatively under higher salinity. However, root length, shoot length, plant height, shoot fresh and dry weight showed a high association with hyper saline sites. Moreover the physiological parameters such as proline content, total soluble proteins and total soluble sugars were accumulated in higher concentrations among populations at hyper saline sites while in lower concentrations at moderately saline and less saline sits which may have supported the production of higher biomass under salinity. The results show that the plants like Cyperus exaltatus can be grown under various types of environmental stresses especially under salinity. Thus the barren saline lands can be used to produce fodder as well as the growth of plants may also help to reduce the levels of salinity in such areas.
Keywords:
- Cyperus exaltatus
- environment stress
- salinity
- sedge
How to Cite
IMRAN, M., AHMAD, I., ALI, A., NIJABAT, A., & MUNEEB, A. (2022). ADAPTIVE COMPONENTS OF Cyperus exaltatus UNDER HARSH SALINE ENVIRONMENT. PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, 23(7-8), 59–71. https://doi.org/10.56557/pcbmb/2022/v23i7-87471
References
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Pirasteh-Anosheh H, Ranjbar G, Pakniyat H, Emam Y. Physiological mechanisms of salt stress tolerance in plants: An overview. Plant-environment interaction: Responses and Approaches to Mitigate Stress. 2016; 141-160.
Kahlown MA, Chang MH, Ashraf M, Hassan MS. Salt affected soils and their reclamation. Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources; 2003.
Qadir M, Qureshi AS, Cheraghi SAM. Extent and characterisation of salt affected soils in Iran and strategies for their amelioration and management. Land Degradation & Development. 2008;19(2): 214-227.
Van Weert F, Van der Gun J, Reckman J. Global overview of saline groundwater occurrence and genesis. International Groundwater Resources Assessment Centre; 2009.
Gul B, Ansari R, Flowers TJ, Khan MA. Germination strategies of halophyte seeds under salinity. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 2013;92:4-18.
Gupta B, Huang B. Mechanism of salinity tolerance in plants: physiological, biochemical, and molecular characterization. International Journal of Genomics; 2014.
Fahad S, Hussain S, Matloob A, Khan F. A, Khaliq A, Saud S, Faiq M. Phytohormones and plant responses to salinity stress: a review. Plant Growth Regulation. 2015; 75(2):391-404.
Taghipour F, Salehi M. The study of salt tolerance of Iranian barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes in seedling growth stages. Indian Journal of Crop Science. 2009;4(1-2):117-120.
Nawaz K, Hussain K, Majeed A, Khan F, Afghan S, Ali K. Fatality of salt stress to plants: Morphological, physiological and biochemical aspects. African Journal of Biotechnology. 2010;9(34).
Petropoulos SA, Karkanis A, Martins N, Ferreira IC. Edible halophytes of the Mediterranean basin: Potential candidates for novel food products. Trends in Food Science & Technology. 2018;74:69-84.
Panta S, Flowers T, Lane P, Doyle R, Haros G, Shabala S. Halophyte agriculture: success stories. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 2014;107:71-83.
Ksouri R, Ksouri WM, Jallali I, Debez A, Magné C, Hiroko I, Abdelly C. Medicinal halophytes: potent source of health promoting biomolecules with medical, nutraceutical and food applications. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology. 2012;32(4):289-326.
Mishra S, Chauhan DK. Role of sedges (Cyperaceae) in wetlands and their economic, ethno‐botanical importance. Plant-Environment Interaction. UttarPradesh Stat Biodiversity Board, India. 2013;61–69.
Estefan G, Sommer R, Ryan J. Methods of soil, plant, and water analysis. A manual for the West Asia and North Africa Region. 2013;3.
Arnon DI. Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts. Polyphenoloxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiology. 1949;24(1):1.
Lowry LH, Rosebrough NJ, Lewis Farr A, Randall RJ. Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem. 1951; 193:265-275.
Moor S, Stein WH. Photometric ninhydrin method for use in the chromatography of amino acids. J. Biol. Chem. 1948;176:367-388.
Yemm EW, Willis AJ. The estimation of carbohydrates in plant extracts by anthrone. Biochem. J. 1954;57:508-514.
Bates IS, Waldern RP, Teare ID. Rapid determination of free proline for water stress studies. Plant Soil. 1973;39:205- 207.
Wolf B. An improved universal extracting solution and its use for diagnosing soil fertility. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 1982;13:1005-1033.
Ostevik KL, Moyers BT, Owens GL, Rieseberg LH. Parallel ecological speciation in plants. International Journal of Ecology. 2012;1-17.
Ashraf M. Some important physiological selection criteria for salt tolerance in plants. Flora-Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants. 2004; 199(5):361-376.
Heidari M. Effects of salinity stress on growth, chlorophyll content and osmotic components of two basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) genotypes. African Journal of Biotechnology. 2012;11(2):379-384.
Tufail A. Ecotypic adaptations in Bermuda grass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) pers.] for salt stress tolerance (Doctoral dissertation, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad.); 2016.
Munns R. Comparative physiology of salt and water stress. Plant, Cell & Environment. 2002;25(2):239-250.
Dendooven L, Alcántara-Hernández RJ, Valenzuela-Encinas C, Luna-Guido M, Perez-Guevara F, Marsch R. Dynamics of carbon and nitrogen in an extreme alkaline saline soil: a review. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 2010;42(6):865-877.
Askaril H, Edqvist J, Hajheidari M, Kafi M, Salekdeh GH. Effects of salinity levels on proteome of Suaeda aegyptiaca leaves. Proteomics. 2006;6(8):2542-2554.
Jafari MHS, Kafi M, Astaraie A. Interactive effects of NaCl induced salinity, calcium and potassium on physiomorphological traits of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.). Pakistan Journal of Botany. 2009;41(6):3053-3063.
Zhu Y, Gong H. Beneficial effects of silicon on salt and drought tolerance in plants. Agronomy for Sustainable Development. 2014;34(2):455-472..
Golldack D, Li C, Mohan H, Probst N. Tolerance to drought and salt stress in plants: unraveling the signaling networks. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2014;5:151.
Thalooth AT, Tawfik MM, Magda MH. A comparative study on the effect of foliar application of zinc, potassium and magnesium on growth, yield and some chemical constituents of mungbean plants grown under water stress conditions. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 2006; 2(1):37-46.
Hameed M, Ashraf M. Physiological and biochemical adaptations of Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. from the Salt Range (Pakistan) to salinity stress. Flora. 2008; 203(1-2):683-694.
Poorter H, Niklas KJ, Reich PB, Oleksyn J, Poot P, Mommer L. Biomass allocation to leaves, stems and roots: meta-analyses of interspecific variation and environmental control. New Phytologist. 2012;193:30-50.
Xu LK, Hsiao TC. Predicted versus measured photosynthetic water-use efficiency of crop stands under dynamically changing field environments. Journal of Experimental Botany. 2004;55(407):2395-2411.
Alam MA, Juraimi AS, Rafii MY, Abdul Hamid A. Effect of salinity on biomass yield and physiological and stem-root anatomical characteristics of purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) Accessions, BioMed Research Internattional. 2015; 2015: 105695.
Vasquez EA, Glenn EP, Guntenspergen GR, Brown JJ, Nelson SG. Salt tolerance and osmotic adjustment of Spartina alterniflora (Poaceae), and the invasive M haplotype of Phragmites australis (Poaceae) along a salinity gradient. American Journal of Botany. 2006;93(12): 1784–1790.
Muchate NS, Nikalje GC, Rajurkar NS, Suprasanna P, Nikam TD. Plant salt stress: adaptive responses, tolerance mechanism and bioengineering for salt tolerance. The Botanical Review. 2016;82(4):371- 406.
Ruiz-Lozano JM, Porcel R, Azcón C, Aroca R. Regulation by Arbuscular mycorrhizae of the integrated physiological response to salinity in plants: new challenges in physiological and molecular studies. Journal of Experimental Botany. 2012;63(11):4033-4044.
Al Hassan M, Estrelles E, Soriano P, López-Gresa MP, Bellés JM, Boscaiu M, Vicente O. Unraveling salt tolerance mechanisms in halophytes: a comparative study on four Mediterranean Limonium species with different geographic distribution patterns. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2017;8:1438.
Ahmad MSA, Ali Q, Ashraf M, Haider MZ, Abbas Q. Involvement of polyamines, abscisic acid and anti-oxidative enzymes in adaptation of Blue Panicgrass (Panicum antidotale Retz.) to saline environments. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 2009;66(3):409- 417.
Henschke M. Response of ornamental grasses cultivated under salinity stress. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus. 2017;16(1):95-103.
Santos CV. Regulation of chlorophyll biosynthesis and degradation by salt stress in sunflower leaves. Scientia Horticulturae. 2004;103(1):93-99.
Roy SJ, Negrão S, Tester M. Salt resistant crop plants. Current Opinion in Biotechnology. 2014;26:115-124.
Ashraf M, Harris PJ. Photosynthesis under stressful environments: an overview. Photosynthetica. 2013;51:163-190.
Zhang H, Mao X, Wang C, Jing R. Overexpression of a common wheat gene TaSnRK2. 8 enhances tolerance to drought, salt and low temperature in Arabidopsis. PLOS One. 2010;5(12)e16041.
Abdellaoui R, Boughalleb F, Chebil Z, Mahmoudi M, Belgacem AO. Physiological, anatomical and antioxidant responses to salinity in the Mediterranean pastoral grass plant Stipa lagascae. Crop and Pasture Science. 2017;68(9):872-884.
El-Shintinawy F, El-Shourbagy MN. Alleviation of changes in protein metabolism in NaCl-stressed wheat seedlings by thiamine. Biologia Plantarum. 2001;44(4):541-545.
Lee G, Carrow RN, Duncan RR, Eiteman MA, Rieger MW. Synthesis of organic osmolytes and salt tolerance mechanisms in Paspalum vaginatum. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 2008;63(1-3):19-27.
Brosché M, Vinocur B, Alatalo ER, Lamminmäki A, Teichmann T, Ottow. Gene expression and metabolite profiling of Populus euphratica growing in the Negev desert. Genome Biology. 2005;6:R101. DOI: 10.1186/gb- 2005-6-12-r101
Pirasteh-Anosheh H, Ranjbar G, Pakniyat H, Emam Y. Physiological mechanisms of salt stress tolerance in plants: An overview. Plant-environment interaction: Responses and Approaches to Mitigate Stress. 2016; 141-160.
Kahlown MA, Chang MH, Ashraf M, Hassan MS. Salt affected soils and their reclamation. Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources; 2003.
Qadir M, Qureshi AS, Cheraghi SAM. Extent and characterisation of salt affected soils in Iran and strategies for their amelioration and management. Land Degradation & Development. 2008;19(2): 214-227.
Van Weert F, Van der Gun J, Reckman J. Global overview of saline groundwater occurrence and genesis. International Groundwater Resources Assessment Centre; 2009.
Gul B, Ansari R, Flowers TJ, Khan MA. Germination strategies of halophyte seeds under salinity. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 2013;92:4-18.
Gupta B, Huang B. Mechanism of salinity tolerance in plants: physiological, biochemical, and molecular characterization. International Journal of Genomics; 2014.
Fahad S, Hussain S, Matloob A, Khan F. A, Khaliq A, Saud S, Faiq M. Phytohormones and plant responses to salinity stress: a review. Plant Growth Regulation. 2015; 75(2):391-404.
Taghipour F, Salehi M. The study of salt tolerance of Iranian barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes in seedling growth stages. Indian Journal of Crop Science. 2009;4(1-2):117-120.
Nawaz K, Hussain K, Majeed A, Khan F, Afghan S, Ali K. Fatality of salt stress to plants: Morphological, physiological and biochemical aspects. African Journal of Biotechnology. 2010;9(34).
Petropoulos SA, Karkanis A, Martins N, Ferreira IC. Edible halophytes of the Mediterranean basin: Potential candidates for novel food products. Trends in Food Science & Technology. 2018;74:69-84.
Panta S, Flowers T, Lane P, Doyle R, Haros G, Shabala S. Halophyte agriculture: success stories. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 2014;107:71-83.
Ksouri R, Ksouri WM, Jallali I, Debez A, Magné C, Hiroko I, Abdelly C. Medicinal halophytes: potent source of health promoting biomolecules with medical, nutraceutical and food applications. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology. 2012;32(4):289-326.
Mishra S, Chauhan DK. Role of sedges (Cyperaceae) in wetlands and their economic, ethno‐botanical importance. Plant-Environment Interaction. UttarPradesh Stat Biodiversity Board, India. 2013;61–69.
Estefan G, Sommer R, Ryan J. Methods of soil, plant, and water analysis. A manual for the West Asia and North Africa Region. 2013;3.
Arnon DI. Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts. Polyphenoloxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiology. 1949;24(1):1.
Lowry LH, Rosebrough NJ, Lewis Farr A, Randall RJ. Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem. 1951; 193:265-275.
Moor S, Stein WH. Photometric ninhydrin method for use in the chromatography of amino acids. J. Biol. Chem. 1948;176:367-388.
Yemm EW, Willis AJ. The estimation of carbohydrates in plant extracts by anthrone. Biochem. J. 1954;57:508-514.
Bates IS, Waldern RP, Teare ID. Rapid determination of free proline for water stress studies. Plant Soil. 1973;39:205- 207.
Wolf B. An improved universal extracting solution and its use for diagnosing soil fertility. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 1982;13:1005-1033.
Ostevik KL, Moyers BT, Owens GL, Rieseberg LH. Parallel ecological speciation in plants. International Journal of Ecology. 2012;1-17.
Ashraf M. Some important physiological selection criteria for salt tolerance in plants. Flora-Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants. 2004; 199(5):361-376.
Heidari M. Effects of salinity stress on growth, chlorophyll content and osmotic components of two basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) genotypes. African Journal of Biotechnology. 2012;11(2):379-384.
Tufail A. Ecotypic adaptations in Bermuda grass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) pers.] for salt stress tolerance (Doctoral dissertation, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad.); 2016.
Munns R. Comparative physiology of salt and water stress. Plant, Cell & Environment. 2002;25(2):239-250.
Dendooven L, Alcántara-Hernández RJ, Valenzuela-Encinas C, Luna-Guido M, Perez-Guevara F, Marsch R. Dynamics of carbon and nitrogen in an extreme alkaline saline soil: a review. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 2010;42(6):865-877.
Askaril H, Edqvist J, Hajheidari M, Kafi M, Salekdeh GH. Effects of salinity levels on proteome of Suaeda aegyptiaca leaves. Proteomics. 2006;6(8):2542-2554.
Jafari MHS, Kafi M, Astaraie A. Interactive effects of NaCl induced salinity, calcium and potassium on physiomorphological traits of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.). Pakistan Journal of Botany. 2009;41(6):3053-3063.
Zhu Y, Gong H. Beneficial effects of silicon on salt and drought tolerance in plants. Agronomy for Sustainable Development. 2014;34(2):455-472..
Golldack D, Li C, Mohan H, Probst N. Tolerance to drought and salt stress in plants: unraveling the signaling networks. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2014;5:151.
Thalooth AT, Tawfik MM, Magda MH. A comparative study on the effect of foliar application of zinc, potassium and magnesium on growth, yield and some chemical constituents of mungbean plants grown under water stress conditions. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 2006; 2(1):37-46.
Hameed M, Ashraf M. Physiological and biochemical adaptations of Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. from the Salt Range (Pakistan) to salinity stress. Flora. 2008; 203(1-2):683-694.
Poorter H, Niklas KJ, Reich PB, Oleksyn J, Poot P, Mommer L. Biomass allocation to leaves, stems and roots: meta-analyses of interspecific variation and environmental control. New Phytologist. 2012;193:30-50.
Xu LK, Hsiao TC. Predicted versus measured photosynthetic water-use efficiency of crop stands under dynamically changing field environments. Journal of Experimental Botany. 2004;55(407):2395-2411.
Alam MA, Juraimi AS, Rafii MY, Abdul Hamid A. Effect of salinity on biomass yield and physiological and stem-root anatomical characteristics of purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) Accessions, BioMed Research Internattional. 2015; 2015: 105695.
Vasquez EA, Glenn EP, Guntenspergen GR, Brown JJ, Nelson SG. Salt tolerance and osmotic adjustment of Spartina alterniflora (Poaceae), and the invasive M haplotype of Phragmites australis (Poaceae) along a salinity gradient. American Journal of Botany. 2006;93(12): 1784–1790.
Muchate NS, Nikalje GC, Rajurkar NS, Suprasanna P, Nikam TD. Plant salt stress: adaptive responses, tolerance mechanism and bioengineering for salt tolerance. The Botanical Review. 2016;82(4):371- 406.
Ruiz-Lozano JM, Porcel R, Azcón C, Aroca R. Regulation by Arbuscular mycorrhizae of the integrated physiological response to salinity in plants: new challenges in physiological and molecular studies. Journal of Experimental Botany. 2012;63(11):4033-4044.
Al Hassan M, Estrelles E, Soriano P, López-Gresa MP, Bellés JM, Boscaiu M, Vicente O. Unraveling salt tolerance mechanisms in halophytes: a comparative study on four Mediterranean Limonium species with different geographic distribution patterns. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2017;8:1438.
Ahmad MSA, Ali Q, Ashraf M, Haider MZ, Abbas Q. Involvement of polyamines, abscisic acid and anti-oxidative enzymes in adaptation of Blue Panicgrass (Panicum antidotale Retz.) to saline environments. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 2009;66(3):409- 417.
Henschke M. Response of ornamental grasses cultivated under salinity stress. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus. 2017;16(1):95-103.
Santos CV. Regulation of chlorophyll biosynthesis and degradation by salt stress in sunflower leaves. Scientia Horticulturae. 2004;103(1):93-99.
Roy SJ, Negrão S, Tester M. Salt resistant crop plants. Current Opinion in Biotechnology. 2014;26:115-124.
Ashraf M, Harris PJ. Photosynthesis under stressful environments: an overview. Photosynthetica. 2013;51:163-190.
Zhang H, Mao X, Wang C, Jing R. Overexpression of a common wheat gene TaSnRK2. 8 enhances tolerance to drought, salt and low temperature in Arabidopsis. PLOS One. 2010;5(12)e16041.
Abdellaoui R, Boughalleb F, Chebil Z, Mahmoudi M, Belgacem AO. Physiological, anatomical and antioxidant responses to salinity in the Mediterranean pastoral grass plant Stipa lagascae. Crop and Pasture Science. 2017;68(9):872-884.
El-Shintinawy F, El-Shourbagy MN. Alleviation of changes in protein metabolism in NaCl-stressed wheat seedlings by thiamine. Biologia Plantarum. 2001;44(4):541-545.
Lee G, Carrow RN, Duncan RR, Eiteman MA, Rieger MW. Synthesis of organic osmolytes and salt tolerance mechanisms in Paspalum vaginatum. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 2008;63(1-3):19-27.
Brosché M, Vinocur B, Alatalo ER, Lamminmäki A, Teichmann T, Ottow. Gene expression and metabolite profiling of Populus euphratica growing in the Negev desert. Genome Biology. 2005;6:R101. DOI: 10.1186/gb- 2005-6-12-r101
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