EFFECT OF SEED PRIMING ON GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF PAPAYA (Carica papaya L.)
PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY,
Page 1-12
Abstract
Seed priming before sowing is well documented to enhance germination and emergence rate of diverse crop species. A pot study was carried out to perceive the efficacy of seed priming on germination and seedling growth of Papaya. Seeds of three papaya varieties including White Beauty, New Sunrise and Mango were used in current study. All primed and unprimed seeds were sown in earthen pots, which were filled with potting medium. Sand, garden soil and farmyard manure were mixed in equal proportion in order to obtain potting medium. The results showed that parameters under observation in this study significantly affected seed priming technique. The results exhibited that germination and other germination related attributes of the papaya seeds were observed decreased with the increasing concentration of potassium sulphate i.e. from 1% to 4%. However the length and weight of shoot and root were observed increased with the increasing concentration of potassium sulphate solution. The highly significant results for most of the germination related parameters obtained from the priming treatment where potassium sulphate was used at 1% with germination percentage (74.08), germination index (2.27) and seedling vigour index (981.28). The maximum shoot length (6.278 cm), root length (16.222 cm) and fresh weight of the shoot (0.7538 g) were noticed from the priming treatment where potassium sulphate was used at 4%. The varietal comparison showed that White beauty had the highest germination percentage (65.54), germination index (1.496) and seedling vigour index (741.29). However maximum shoot (6.222 cm) and root length (14.068 cm) were observed in New Sun rise as compared to White beauty and Mango. There was no significant difference among varieties for mean germination time, fresh weight of shoot and root.
Keywords:
- Seed priming
- germination index
- seedling growth
- papaya (Carica papaya L.)
How to Cite
KHAJJAK, A. H., MEMON, N.-U.-N., WAHOCHO, N. A., SHARIF, N., MINAO, T. F., SIDDIQUE, I. M., JAMALI, M. F., AKHTAR, N., AZAM, M., & IRSHAD, U. (2022). EFFECT OF SEED PRIMING ON GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF PAPAYA (Carica papaya L.). PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, 23(17-18), 1-12. Retrieved from https://ikppress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/7642
References
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Baalbaki RZ, Zurayk RA, Blelk MM, Tahouk SN. Germination and seedling development of drought tolerant and susceptible wheat under moisture stress. Seed sciences and technology. 1999;27: 291-302.
Lay P, Basvaraju GV, Sarika G, Amrutha N. Effect of seed treatments to enhance seed quality of papaya (Carica papaya L.) Cv. Surya. Global J. Biol. Agric. Health Sci. 2013;2:221-225.
Saber Z, Pirdashti H, Heidarzade A. Osmopriming and hydropriming effects on seed and seedling parameters of two rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) cultivars. Int. J. Agric. 2012;2:547-554.
Nelson DW, Sommers LE. Total carbon, organic carbon and organic matter. p. 539-579. In: A. L. Page et al. (ed.) Methods of soil analysis: Part 2. Chemical and microbiological properties. ASA Monograph Number 9.1982.
Owino DO, Ouma G. Effect of potassium priming on papaya (Carica papaya var. (Kamiya). Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences. 2011;11:1418-1423.
Ruan S, Xue Q, Tylkowska K. Effects of seed priming on germination and health of rice (Oryza sativa L.) seeds. Seed Sci. & Tech. 2002;30:451-458.
Anjanawe SR, Kanpure RN, Kachouli BK, Mandloi DS. Effect of plant growth regulators and growth media on seed germination and growth vigour of papaya. Annals Plant Soil Res. 2013;15:31-34.
Bakry Kh AE, Ismaeil FH. Presowing treatments of papaya seeds as influenced by some chemicals and irradiation on germination, growth, flowering, sex expression and fruit quality. 2nd Inter. Conf. Hort. Sci. Kafr El-Shikh, Tanta Univ., Egypt; 2002.
Bhanuprakash K, Yogeesha HS, Arun MN, Naik LB. Effect of priming and ageing on seed germination and vigour in papaya (Carica papaya). Indian J. Agric. Sci. 2009; 79:295-297.
Bewley JD, Black M. Physiology and Biochemistry of Seeds in Relation to Germination. Viability, Dormancy and Environmental Control, Springer-Verlag, Berlin. 1982;2.
Arif M, Jan MT, Marwat KB, Khan MA. Seed priming improves emergence and yield of soybean. Pak. J. Bot. 2007;40:1169-1177
Chako EK, Singh RN. Studies on the longevity of papaya, phalsa, guava and mango seed, Proc, Intl. Seed Testing Assoc. 1971;36:147-158.
Arif M, Jan MT, Khan N, Khan A, Khan MJ, Munir I. Effect of seed priming on growth parameters of soybean. Pak. J. Bot. 2010; 42:2803-2812.
Kalita U, Suhrawardy J, Das JR. Effect of seed priming with potassium salt and potassium levels on growth and yield of direct seeded summer rice (Oryza sativa L.) under rainfed upland condition. Indian Journal of Hill Farming. 2002;15:50–53.
Cantliffe DJ, Fischer JM, Nell T. Mechanism of seed priming in circumventing themodormancy in lettuce. Plant Physiol. 1984;75:290-294.
Chumpookam J, Lin H, Shiesh C. Effect of smoke water on seed germination and seedling growth of papaya (Carica papaya cv. Tainung No. 2). Hort. Sci. 2012;47:741-744.
Calles FB, Castañeda GC, Monter AV. Recuperation of the high germinability condition of papaya seed through priming technology and bioregulators. Agrociencia. 2008;42:92-98.
Owino DO, Ouma G. Effect of potassium priming on papaya (Carica papaya (Kamiya') seed germination and seedling growth. Proc. 1st All Africa Horticultural Congress, ISHS Acta Horticulturae Abst. 2008;911.
Roberts WO. Prevention of mineral deficiency by soaking seed in nutrient solution. J. Agric. Sci. 1948;38:458–468.
Mirshekari B. Seed priming with iron and boron enhances germination and yield of dill (Anethum graveolens). Turk. J. Agric. For. 2012;36:27-33.
Yogeesha HS, Bhanuprakash K, Naik LB. Effect of temperature and chemical pre-treatment on seed germination in papaya (Carica papaya). The Indian J. Agric. Sci. 2007;42(1):191-196.
Taylor AG, Allen PS, Bennett MA, Bradford KJ, Burris JS, Misra MK. Seed enhancement. Seed Sci. Res. 1998;8:245–256.
Mansour MMF, Salama K H A, Ali F Z M, Abou Hadid A F. Cell and Plant Repsonses to NaCl in Zea mays L. Cultivars differing in Salt Tolerance. General and Appl. Plant Physio. 2005;31:29-41.
Sivritepe HO. The effects of osmotic conditioning treatments on salt tolerance of onion seeds. III. National symp. on vegetable production, Isparta, Turkey. 2000;475-481.
Ashraf M, Rauf H. Inducing salt tolerance in maize (Zea mays) thorugh seed priming with chloride salts: Growth and ion transport at early growth stages. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum. 2001;23:407-414.
McDonald MB. Seed priming, In: Black, M. and Bewley, J. D. (Eds.). Seed Technology and Its Biological Basis. Sheffield Academic Press, Sheffield, Englan. 2000; 287-325.
Okeyo A, Ouma G. Effects of washing and media on the germination of papaya (Carica papaya) seeds. Agric. Tropica ET Subtroica. 2008;4:21-26.
Koyamu K. A preliminary note on the germination of papaya seed. Madras Agric. J. 1951;38:348 –349.
Johnson SE, Lauren JG, Welch RM, Duxbury JM. A comparison of the effects of micronutrient seed priming and soil fertilization on the mineral nutrition of chickpea (Cicer arietinum), lentil (Lens culinaris), rice (Oryza sativa) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) in Nepal. Exp. Agric. 2005;41:427-448.
Ghassem-Golezani, K, Sheikhzadeh-mosaddegh P, Valizadeh M. Effects of hydro priming duration and limited irrigation on field performance of chickpea. Res. J. Seed Sci. 2008;1:34-40.
Stofella PJ, Lipucci DP, Pardossi A, Toganoni F. Seedling root morphology and shoot growth after seed priming or pre-emergence of bell pepper. J. Ameri. Society of Horti. Sci. 1992;27:214-215.
Diniz KA, Silva PA, Oliveira JA, Evangelista JRE. Sweet pepper seed responses to inoculation with microorganisms and coating with micronutrients, amino acids and plant growth regulators. Scientia Agricola. 2009; 66:293-297.
Yilmaz A, Ekiz H, Gültekin I, Torun B, Barut H, Karanlik S, Cakmak I. Effect of seed zinc content on grain yield and zinc concentration of wheat grown in zinc-deficient calcareous soils. J. Plant Nutr. 1998;21:2257-2264.
Taiz L, Zeiger E. Plant Physiology. 3rd ed, Sinaure Associates, Inc. Publishers, Su and Land, massachusettes; 2002.
Rehman AU, Farooq M, Cheema ZA, Wahid A. Seed priming with boron improves growth and yield of fine grain. Plant Growth Regulate. 2012;68:189–201.
Robert TL. Improving nutrient use efficiency. Turkish J. Agric. Forest. 2008; 32:177–182.
Farooq M, Wahid A, Siddique KHM. Micronutrient application through seed treatments – A review. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 2012;12:125–142.
Zanotti RF, Dias DCFS, Barros RS, da Silva LJ Sekita MC. Germination of solo papaya seeds treated with plant hormones. J. Seed Sci. 2014;36:094-099.
Sheldon C, Nagao MA, Zee F. Improvement of papaya seedling emergence by KNO3 treatment and after ripening. J. Haw. Pac. Agri. 1993;4:57-61.
Malik DM, Khan MA, Choudhary DA. Analysis manual for soil, water and plant. Director Rapid Soil Fertility Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan; 1984.
McDonald MB. Seed deterioration: physiology, repair and assessment. Seed Sci. Technol. 1999;27:177-237.
Deb P, Das A, Ghosh SK, Suresh CP. Improvement of seed germination and seedling growth of papaya (Carica papaya L.) through different pre-sowing seed treatments. Acta Hort. 2010;851:313-316.
Sivritepe N, Sivritepe HO, Eris A. The effects of NaCl priming on salt tolerance in melon seedlings grown undersaline conditions. Scientia Horticulturae. 2003;97: 229-237.
Sehrawat SK, Kumar P, Rana GS, Dahiya DS, Dahiya OS. Influence of priming treatments on vigour and viability of papaya seeds. Acta Hort. 2010;851:317-330.
Baalbaki RZ, Zurayk RA, Blelk MM, Tahouk SN. Germination and seedling development of drought tolerant and susceptible wheat under moisture stress. Seed sciences and technology. 1999;27: 291-302.
Lay P, Basvaraju GV, Sarika G, Amrutha N. Effect of seed treatments to enhance seed quality of papaya (Carica papaya L.) Cv. Surya. Global J. Biol. Agric. Health Sci. 2013;2:221-225.
Saber Z, Pirdashti H, Heidarzade A. Osmopriming and hydropriming effects on seed and seedling parameters of two rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) cultivars. Int. J. Agric. 2012;2:547-554.
Nelson DW, Sommers LE. Total carbon, organic carbon and organic matter. p. 539-579. In: A. L. Page et al. (ed.) Methods of soil analysis: Part 2. Chemical and microbiological properties. ASA Monograph Number 9.1982.
Owino DO, Ouma G. Effect of potassium priming on papaya (Carica papaya var. (Kamiya). Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences. 2011;11:1418-1423.
Ruan S, Xue Q, Tylkowska K. Effects of seed priming on germination and health of rice (Oryza sativa L.) seeds. Seed Sci. & Tech. 2002;30:451-458.
Anjanawe SR, Kanpure RN, Kachouli BK, Mandloi DS. Effect of plant growth regulators and growth media on seed germination and growth vigour of papaya. Annals Plant Soil Res. 2013;15:31-34.
Bakry Kh AE, Ismaeil FH. Presowing treatments of papaya seeds as influenced by some chemicals and irradiation on germination, growth, flowering, sex expression and fruit quality. 2nd Inter. Conf. Hort. Sci. Kafr El-Shikh, Tanta Univ., Egypt; 2002.
Bhanuprakash K, Yogeesha HS, Arun MN, Naik LB. Effect of priming and ageing on seed germination and vigour in papaya (Carica papaya). Indian J. Agric. Sci. 2009; 79:295-297.
Bewley JD, Black M. Physiology and Biochemistry of Seeds in Relation to Germination. Viability, Dormancy and Environmental Control, Springer-Verlag, Berlin. 1982;2.
Arif M, Jan MT, Marwat KB, Khan MA. Seed priming improves emergence and yield of soybean. Pak. J. Bot. 2007;40:1169-1177
Chako EK, Singh RN. Studies on the longevity of papaya, phalsa, guava and mango seed, Proc, Intl. Seed Testing Assoc. 1971;36:147-158.
Arif M, Jan MT, Khan N, Khan A, Khan MJ, Munir I. Effect of seed priming on growth parameters of soybean. Pak. J. Bot. 2010; 42:2803-2812.
Kalita U, Suhrawardy J, Das JR. Effect of seed priming with potassium salt and potassium levels on growth and yield of direct seeded summer rice (Oryza sativa L.) under rainfed upland condition. Indian Journal of Hill Farming. 2002;15:50–53.
Cantliffe DJ, Fischer JM, Nell T. Mechanism of seed priming in circumventing themodormancy in lettuce. Plant Physiol. 1984;75:290-294.
Chumpookam J, Lin H, Shiesh C. Effect of smoke water on seed germination and seedling growth of papaya (Carica papaya cv. Tainung No. 2). Hort. Sci. 2012;47:741-744.
Calles FB, Castañeda GC, Monter AV. Recuperation of the high germinability condition of papaya seed through priming technology and bioregulators. Agrociencia. 2008;42:92-98.
Owino DO, Ouma G. Effect of potassium priming on papaya (Carica papaya (Kamiya') seed germination and seedling growth. Proc. 1st All Africa Horticultural Congress, ISHS Acta Horticulturae Abst. 2008;911.
Roberts WO. Prevention of mineral deficiency by soaking seed in nutrient solution. J. Agric. Sci. 1948;38:458–468.
Mirshekari B. Seed priming with iron and boron enhances germination and yield of dill (Anethum graveolens). Turk. J. Agric. For. 2012;36:27-33.
Yogeesha HS, Bhanuprakash K, Naik LB. Effect of temperature and chemical pre-treatment on seed germination in papaya (Carica papaya). The Indian J. Agric. Sci. 2007;42(1):191-196.
Taylor AG, Allen PS, Bennett MA, Bradford KJ, Burris JS, Misra MK. Seed enhancement. Seed Sci. Res. 1998;8:245–256.
Mansour MMF, Salama K H A, Ali F Z M, Abou Hadid A F. Cell and Plant Repsonses to NaCl in Zea mays L. Cultivars differing in Salt Tolerance. General and Appl. Plant Physio. 2005;31:29-41.
Sivritepe HO. The effects of osmotic conditioning treatments on salt tolerance of onion seeds. III. National symp. on vegetable production, Isparta, Turkey. 2000;475-481.
Ashraf M, Rauf H. Inducing salt tolerance in maize (Zea mays) thorugh seed priming with chloride salts: Growth and ion transport at early growth stages. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum. 2001;23:407-414.
McDonald MB. Seed priming, In: Black, M. and Bewley, J. D. (Eds.). Seed Technology and Its Biological Basis. Sheffield Academic Press, Sheffield, Englan. 2000; 287-325.
Okeyo A, Ouma G. Effects of washing and media on the germination of papaya (Carica papaya) seeds. Agric. Tropica ET Subtroica. 2008;4:21-26.
Koyamu K. A preliminary note on the germination of papaya seed. Madras Agric. J. 1951;38:348 –349.
Johnson SE, Lauren JG, Welch RM, Duxbury JM. A comparison of the effects of micronutrient seed priming and soil fertilization on the mineral nutrition of chickpea (Cicer arietinum), lentil (Lens culinaris), rice (Oryza sativa) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) in Nepal. Exp. Agric. 2005;41:427-448.
Ghassem-Golezani, K, Sheikhzadeh-mosaddegh P, Valizadeh M. Effects of hydro priming duration and limited irrigation on field performance of chickpea. Res. J. Seed Sci. 2008;1:34-40.
Stofella PJ, Lipucci DP, Pardossi A, Toganoni F. Seedling root morphology and shoot growth after seed priming or pre-emergence of bell pepper. J. Ameri. Society of Horti. Sci. 1992;27:214-215.
Diniz KA, Silva PA, Oliveira JA, Evangelista JRE. Sweet pepper seed responses to inoculation with microorganisms and coating with micronutrients, amino acids and plant growth regulators. Scientia Agricola. 2009; 66:293-297.
Yilmaz A, Ekiz H, Gültekin I, Torun B, Barut H, Karanlik S, Cakmak I. Effect of seed zinc content on grain yield and zinc concentration of wheat grown in zinc-deficient calcareous soils. J. Plant Nutr. 1998;21:2257-2264.
Taiz L, Zeiger E. Plant Physiology. 3rd ed, Sinaure Associates, Inc. Publishers, Su and Land, massachusettes; 2002.
Rehman AU, Farooq M, Cheema ZA, Wahid A. Seed priming with boron improves growth and yield of fine grain. Plant Growth Regulate. 2012;68:189–201.
Robert TL. Improving nutrient use efficiency. Turkish J. Agric. Forest. 2008; 32:177–182.
Farooq M, Wahid A, Siddique KHM. Micronutrient application through seed treatments – A review. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 2012;12:125–142.
Zanotti RF, Dias DCFS, Barros RS, da Silva LJ Sekita MC. Germination of solo papaya seeds treated with plant hormones. J. Seed Sci. 2014;36:094-099.
Sheldon C, Nagao MA, Zee F. Improvement of papaya seedling emergence by KNO3 treatment and after ripening. J. Haw. Pac. Agri. 1993;4:57-61.
Malik DM, Khan MA, Choudhary DA. Analysis manual for soil, water and plant. Director Rapid Soil Fertility Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan; 1984.
McDonald MB. Seed deterioration: physiology, repair and assessment. Seed Sci. Technol. 1999;27:177-237.
Deb P, Das A, Ghosh SK, Suresh CP. Improvement of seed germination and seedling growth of papaya (Carica papaya L.) through different pre-sowing seed treatments. Acta Hort. 2010;851:313-316.
Sivritepe N, Sivritepe HO, Eris A. The effects of NaCl priming on salt tolerance in melon seedlings grown undersaline conditions. Scientia Horticulturae. 2003;97: 229-237.
Sehrawat SK, Kumar P, Rana GS, Dahiya DS, Dahiya OS. Influence of priming treatments on vigour and viability of papaya seeds. Acta Hort. 2010;851:317-330.
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